“词块法”在高中英语写作中的应用

“词块法”在高中英语写作中的应用

论文摘要

词块法是在外语教学提倡以应用为目的的背景下兴起的新的语言教学理论。词块是指出现频率高、作为整体储存和使用的预制语块。它融语法、语义和语境为一体,被认为是理想的语言教学单位。近年的语料统计分析和研究表明,自然话语中的70%是由单词和固定短语之间的一种半固定的“板块”结构来实现的(Altenberg,1991)。本族语使用者的大脑中储存了大量的词块,在其口语中这种由预先制成的模块构成的语言达到90%,只有极少数是即时“创造”的(Nattinger&DeCarrico,2000).词块法教学的基本原则是“语言是语法化的词汇而不是词汇化的语法”(Lewis 1993)。目前词块研究主要以理论探索为主,研究对象也主要针对大学阶段的英语教学,而对高中阶段词块使用的实证研究比较少。写作是高中英语教学的重要内容之一。《英语课程标准》和《考试大纲》对高中生英语写作内容和水平作出了明确的要求。但实际上高中生英语写作水平因为多种因素如教师教学策略、学生词汇语法的不足等原因而处于较低的水平。针对这种情况,本文作者主要依托Nattinger和DeCarrico的词块分类及教学理论,试图证实词块教学法对于提高高中学生英语写作水平有重要作用。该实验对象是成都市大面中学高一年级两个自然班中的110名学生,他们被随机指定为控制组和实验组,人数各为50人,目的在于探究使用词块教学对高中英语写作的促进作用。作者的研究假设是:采用词块教学法能否提高高中学生的英语写作水平?作者采用问卷调查、前测、后测的方法。实验时间为一个学期。实验组侧重于用词块法进行写作训练,控制组用传统方法进行写作教学。全文主要分为三个章节。第一章是对词块的理论介绍,包括其定义、分类及其代表人物的研究和词块教学法的理论基础。第二章是对目前中学对于英语写作的具体要求、英语写作教学方法的介绍及高中生英语写作中存在的问题的描述。第三章是在具体英语写作教学过程中进行的教学策略,实验方法、过程,数据分析和结论。最后总结了在本次实证研究中得到的启示,即词块法教学写作能促进学生的英语写作水平。

论文目录

  • 摘要
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Chapter One The Overall View of The Lexical-Chunk Approach
  • 1.1 Definition and Classification of Lexical Chunks
  • 1.1.1 Definition of Lexical Chunks
  • 1.1.2 Classification of Lexical Chunks
  • 1.1.3 The Study about the Lexical-Chunk Approach in China
  • 1.2 The Lexical-Chunk Approach and Language Acquisition
  • 1.2.1 “Chunking”in Cognitive Psychology
  • 1.2.2 The Lexical-Chunk Approach in L1 Acquisition
  • 1.2.3 The Lexical-Chunk Approach in FL Acquisition
  • 1.3 Teaching Written Discourse with the Lexical-Chunk Approach
  • 1.3.1 Sentence-based Perspective
  • 1.3.2 Process-centered Discourse Perspective
  • 1.3.3 Views on Teaching Written Discourses with the Lexical-Chunk Approach
  • Chapter Two English Writing in Senior High Schools in China
  • 2.1 The Significance of English Writing
  • 2.2 The Writing Requirements of English in Senior High Schools
  • 2.2.1 Requirements of National English Curriculum Standard
  • 2.2.2 Requirements of National College Entrance Examination and the Scoring Standard
  • 2.3 The Problems and Mistakes in Senior High School Students’ Compositions
  • 2.3.1 Problems and Reasons
  • 2.3.2 Typical Mistakes in Students’Writing
  • 2.3.3 Summary
  • Chapter Three Applying the Lexical-Chunk Approach in Writing
  • 3.1 Strategies in Teaching Writing by the Lexical-Chunk Approach
  • 3.1.1 Strengthening the Input of Lexical Chunks in Teaching
  • 3.1.2 Training Lexical Chunks in Different Topics and Genres
  • 3.2 Measures and Process
  • 3.2.1 Teaching Activities
  • 3.2.1.1 Activities on Word-level and Sentence-level by the Lexical-Chunk Approach
  • 3.2.1.2 Controlled Composition in Given Time from Process-center Discourse Perspective
  • 3.2.1.3 Reciting the Models of Writing
  • 3.2.2 Pre-test, Post-test and Data collection
  • 3.3 Data Analysis and Findings
  • 3.4 Implications and Suggestions
  • Conclusion
  • Bibliography
  • Appendices
  • Acknowledgements
  • 作者在攻读硕士学位期间获奖及发表的论文目录
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    “词块法”在高中英语写作中的应用
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