英语听力题目的呈现模式对英语听力理解的影响

英语听力题目的呈现模式对英语听力理解的影响

论文摘要

本文探讨了英语听力题目的呈现模式对英语听力理解的影响。此研究建立在认知负荷理论下的模式效应这一理论框架基础之上。根据认知负荷理论,合理分配和使用认知资源有利于提高学习效率。模式效应认为相比将信息呈现在一个通道里,将信息同时呈现在视觉通道和听觉通道有利于促进学习,因为双通道模式可有助于减轻学习者的认知负荷。前人做了大量关于模式效应的研究,但得出的结论却是矛盾的。由此,本文试图研究在将听力题目呈现为文本、声音、文本+声音三种模式的情况下,听力成绩是否不同,以此来探究模式效应是否有助于听力理解。除此之外,本文还探讨了认知负荷和听力成绩之间呈何种相关关系,以及受试者对于每种听力题目呈现模式的态度。实验的研究对象是90个来自三个平行理科班的高三学生,分三个实验组:文本组,声音组,和文本+声音组,每组30人。文本组的听力题目是用文本呈现,声音组的听力材料中以声音的模式呈现听力题目,而文本+声音组则采用用双重模式呈现(既用文本呈现又用声音呈现)听力题目。为了保证受试者听力水平的一致性,实验之前,对受试者进行了前测。而且为了确保受试者熟悉每种听力题目呈现模式而不至于影响实验结果,声音组和文本+声音组的受试者在实验前接受了相关培训。实验过程中,每组受试者首先进行听力测试,然后完成认知负荷主观评定量表,最后完成关于听力题目呈现模式态度的调查问卷。数据分析采用了SPSS软件下的单因素方差分析和相关分析。数据分析结果显示:(1)在不同听力题目呈现模式下,听力成绩不同,文本组受试者的听力成绩是最高的,然后是文本+声音组,声音组的受试者获得了最低的分数,尽管文本组和文本+声音组之间不存在显著差异。(2)认知负荷和听力成绩之间呈负相关。听力过程中,文本组产生的认知负荷是最低的,其次是文本+声音组,声音组产生了最高的认知负荷。(3)文本组受试者对听力题目文本呈现模式的态度是肯定的,文本+声音组受试者对听力题目文本+声音呈现模式的态度也基本上是肯定的,然而声音组受试者对听力题目声音呈现模式持否定态度。因此,模式效应在此研究中没有得到证实。听力题目的文本模式更有助于听力理解,而此模式也是最受喜爱的。该研究还有很多不足之处,比如样本容量小,研究时间较短,没有考虑参与者以前是否做过听力材料等,这些问题有待于进一步的分析与改进。

论文目录

  • 摘要
  • Abstract
  • List of Tables
  • List of Figure
  • List of Abbreviations
  • Chapter 1 Introduction
  • 1.1 Background of the Study
  • 1.2 Significance of the Study
  • 1.3 Organization of the Thesis
  • Chapter 2 Literature Review
  • 2.1 Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) and Listening Comprehension
  • 2.1.1 Cognitive Load Theory
  • 2.1.2 Listening Comprehension from the Perspective of CLT
  • 2.2 The Modality Effect and Listening Comprehension
  • 2.2.1 The Modality Effect
  • 2.2.2 Listening Comprehension from the Perspective of the Modality Effect
  • 2.3 Attitudes toward the Modality Effect
  • 2.4 Measurement of Cognitive Load
  • Chapter 3 Research Methodology
  • 3.1 Research Questions
  • 3.2 Research Design
  • 3.2.1 Subjects
  • 3.2.2 Research Materials
  • 3.2.3 Instruments
  • 3.2.4 Procedure
  • 3.3 Data Collection
  • 3.4 Data Analysis
  • Chapter 4 Results
  • 4.1 Listening Performance and Presentation modes
  • 4.2 Correlation between Cognitive Load and Listening Performance
  • 4.3 Test-takers’ Attitudes towards Each Presentation Mode of Listening Questions
  • 4.3.1 Test-takers’ Attitudes towards Text Presentation Mode
  • 4.3.2 Test-takers’ Attitudes towards Audio Presentation Mode
  • 4.3.3 Test-takers’ Attitudes towards Text + Audio Presentation Mode
  • 4.3.4 Summary of Test-takers’ Attitudes on Each Presentation Mode
  • 4.4 Summary
  • Chapter 5 Discussion
  • 5.1 Modality Effect in Presentation Modes of Listening Questions
  • 5.2 Test-takers’ Opinions of Each Presentation Mode
  • 5.3 Summary
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • AppendixA Listening Test Materials
  • AppendixB The Cognitive Load Subjective Rating Scale
  • AppendixC Questionnaire
  • AppendixD 详细中文摘要
  • Acknowledgements
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    英语听力题目的呈现模式对英语听力理解的影响
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