乔姆斯基语言观探索

论文摘要

作为语言学界的先驱,诺姆·乔姆斯基也许享受了学界前所未有的至高地位。从他出版于1957年的《句法结构》开始,他就一直致力于语言学的研究,并创立了许多富有创新性的观念,尤其在语法理论方面。他的语法理论无疑是最具活力与影响力的。本篇论文回顾了乔姆斯基语言学理论,包括他的主要贡献,诸如对语言的科学性研究起到革命性作用的转换生成语法、语言习得、内语和外语、天性和普遍语法。对于其语言研究的系统而历史性的回顾,必然将帮助我们对乔姆斯基的学术贡献有更深刻的理解,也对语言的一些主要特点作较科学而精确的描述。这也是对乔姆斯基理论的较为全面宏观的评价。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• Abstract （Chinese）
• Abstract （English）
• Chapter One Introduction
• Chapter Two Chomsky and His Linguistic Ideas
• 2.1 Biography
• 2.2 Linguistic Revolution
• 2.2.1 Three Models for the Description of Language
• 2.2.1.1 Finite-State Grammars
• 2.2.1.1.1 The Recursive Nature of Grammatical Rules
• 2.2.1.1.2 A Distinction between “Terminal”and “Auxillary”Elements
• 2.2.1.2 Phrase Structure Grammar
• 2.3 Transformational Grammar
• 2.4 Syntax, Semantics and Phonology
• Chapter Three Major Developmental Phases of Chomsky’s Linguistic Theory Phase One: Transformational Grammar
• 3.1 Structuralism vs. TG
• 3.2 Transformational Grammar
• Phase Two: Language Competence and Performance; Standard Theory
• Phase Three: Extended Standard Theory
• Phase Four: REST, GB
• Phase Five: Minimality/Minimalist Program （MP）
• Chapter Four The Philosophical Foundation of Chomsky’s Language Concept
• 4.1 A Brief Introduction
• 4.2 Realism
• 4.2.1 Definition of Realism
• 4.2.2 Representation and Computation
• 4.3 Naturalism
• 4.3.1 Methodological Naturalism and Methodological Dualism
• 4.3.2 Language as a Natural Object
• 4.3.3 Critiques of another View of Dualism
• 4.3.4 Simplification
• 4.3.5 Metaphysical Naturalism and Epistemic One
• 4.4 Mentalism
• 4.4.1 Tacit Knowledge
• 4.4.2 The Mind-body Problem
• 4.5 Conclusion
• Chapter Five Chomsky’s Cognitive Linguistic Ideas
• 5.1 Cognitive Revolution
• 5.2 Modularity
• 5.2.1 Comparison with the Ideas of Fodor And Piaget
• 5.2.2 Quasi-modules
• 5.3 The Definition of Learning
• 5.3.1 E-language and I-language
• 5.3.2 Shift of Focus
• 5.3.2.1 Reasons for the Shift
• 5.3.2.2 Consequences of the Shift
• 5.3.3 Competence and performance vs I-language and E-language
• 5.3.4 Performance vs Parsing
• 5.4 Idealization （ Rules and Representations）
• 5.5 Conclusion
• Chapter Six Social Ideas of Chomsky
• 6.1 The Anarchist’s Position
• 6.2 Assault on Journalistic Self-censorship and Business Control of the Mass Media
• 6.3 The Critique of American Foreign Policy
• 6.4 Freedom and Creativity
• 6.5 Relationship between Social Ideas and Linguistic Ideas
• Chapter Seven Chomsky’s Bio-psycholinguistic Ideas
• 7.1 The Mode of Language Acquisition
• 7.2 Definition of Language Acquisition
• 7.3 Internalist Interpretation of Language Faculty
• 7.4 Innateness
• 7.5 Conclusion
• Chapter Eight Conclusion
• Bibliography