口译中的长时记忆—提高长时记忆表现的策略

论文摘要

认知心理学兴起于上世纪五十年代,运用信息加工观点,主要研究感知觉、注意、表象、学习记忆、思维以及言语等心理过程或认知过程。认知心理学目前得到迅速发展,其研究成果已被运用于许多其他学科的研究,也包括口译的研究。本文从认知角度对口译中的长时记忆进行探讨,首先介绍了三个口译系统的运作方式,对其在口译中的特征进行归纳,接着对长时记忆在口译的作用进行探讨,指出长时记忆能够帮助译员识别新信息,促进理解,帮助对即将出现的信息进行预测,以及促进信息的产出。本文接着对影响长时记忆表现的因素进行了探讨,指出主要有六方面的因素会影响长时记忆的发挥,包括注意,理解、遗忘、笔记、图式以及心理因素。最后,作者介绍了几种可以促进长时记忆表现的策略,包括对长时记忆中的信息的经常刺激,对新信息进行相对深入的加工,熟练进行口译笔记,重述,以及建立相关图式。最后,作者引用一段新闻发布会的口译稿,对其进行分析以论证自己对口译中长时记忆的理解。本文尝试对口译中的长时记忆进行些许分析,希望能丰富对口译的记忆机制研究。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• Abstract
• 摘要
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• 1.1 The Relevance of Cognitive Psychology to Interpretation
• 1.2 Memory Mechanism in Interpreting
• 1.3 The Significance and Feasibility of the Present Study
• 1.4 The Organization of this Thesis
• Chapter 2 Memory Mechanism in Interpreting
• 2.1 Three Memory Systems
• 2.1.1 Sensory Store
• 2.1.2 Short-term Memory
• 2.1.3 Long-term Memory
• 2.1.4 The Interrelations between Three Memory Systems
• 2.2 Memory Systems in Interpreting
• 2.2.1 The Three Memory Systems in Interpreting
• 2.2.2 Nature of Memory in Interpreting
• 2.2.3 Features of the Three Memory Systems in Interpreting
• 2.2.3.1 Sensory Store: Attentive Memorizing
• 2.2.3.2 Short-term Memory: Excellent Performance
• 2.2.3.3 Long-term Memory: Database and Forgetting after Interpreting
• Chapter 3 The Significance of Long-term Memory in Interpreting
• 3.1 A Cognitive Study of Long-term Memory in Interpreting
• 3.1.1 The Definition of Cognition
• 3.1.2 Semantic Memory: a Long-term Memory
• 3.1.3 Semantic Memory
• 3.1.4 Collins and Quillian’s Network Model for Long-term Memory
• 3.2 The Significance of Long-term Memory in Interpreting
• 3.2.1 Recognizing the Input Information
• 3.2.1.1 Bottom-up Processing
• 3.2.1.2 Top-down Processing
• 3.2.2 Facilitating Understanding
• 3.2.2.1 Linguistic Knowledge: the Prerequisite for Comprehension
• 3.2.2.2 Extra-linguistic Knowledge: Key for Comprehension
• 3.2.2.2.1 Context
• 3.2.2.2.2 Field and Encyclopedia Knowledge
• 3.2.2.2.3 Cross-cultural awareness
• 3.2.3 Aiding Anticipation
• 3.2.4 Helping Production
• Chapter 4 Factors Affecting Long-term Memory Performance & Strategies to Improve It
• 4.1 Factors Affecting Long-term Memory Performance in Interpreting
• 4.1.1 Attention
• 4.1.2 Comprehension
• 4.1.2.1 Definition
• 4.1.2.2 Comprehension in Interpreting
• 4.1.3 Forgetting
• 4.1.3.1 Interference
• 4.1.3.2 Retrieval
• 4.1.4 Note-taking
• 4.1.4.1 Necessity of Note-taking
• 4.1.4.2 Features of Note-taking in Interpreting
• 4.1.4.3 Basic Rules of Taking Notes in Interpreting
• 4.1.5 Schema
• 4.1.6 Psychological Factors
• 4.2 Strategies to Improve Long-term Memory Performance
• 4.2.1 Frequent Activation
• 4.2.2 In-depth Processing
• 4.2.3 Retelling
• 4.2.4 Effective Note-taking
• 4.2.5 Schema Construction
• Chapter 5 Case Study
• Chapter 6 Conclusion
• Bibliography