论文摘要
在中国,学生在英语考试中常常能够考出很高的分数,而他们语言产出的能力却很差。造成这一问题的很重要的一个原因就是在我国外语教学实践与研究中,长期存在着一种重输入轻输出的现象。学生在语言学习过程中常常接受了大量语言的输入,而他们的语言运用的机会,即输出机会,却很少。实际上,在语言学习过程中,输入和输出被认为是不可缺少的两个要素,语言学习中的输入和输出对英语学习都十分重要。输入是输出的来源,输出是输入的结果,而且相互作用。具体来说,语言输入是指学习者在目标语环境中所接受的各种目标语言材料,主要通过听和读来实现:而语言输出则指学习者对目标语的具体使用,主要通过说和写来实现。提出输入假说的Krashen认为:只有当学习者理解了略高于其现有水平的语言输入,即i+1后,他/她才有可能习得语言。同时,Swain的“输出假说”理论对Krashen的理论进行了补充。Swain认为,可理解的输出同样是二语习得不可或缺的重要因素。她认为:同语言输入一样,语言输出对外语学习同等关键和重要。从认知心理学来看,人的大脑是一个创造性的,动态的学习机构,语言习得是一个创造的建构的过程。根据语言学习的认知理论,语言学习包括语言的可理解的输入,吸收以及可理解的输出等一系列完整的过程。综合行为主义理论,Krashen的输入理论,Swain的输出理论,以及认知心理学对于第二语言习得过程的解释模式,作者提出了一个在英语学习当中有利于培养学生产出性能力的学习方法——背诵。研究过程围绕着两方面的问题来展开:首先,对高等学校大学生的背诵强化对于他们的口语表达和写作产出能否起促进作用?如果有,怎样促进?其次,大学生对背诵法的态度如何?怎样进行有效的背诵?本研究采用文献研究法、实验研究法、访谈调查法以及背诵学习法对提高英语口语表达和写作的影响进行研究。研究过程中设计了为期10个周的实验,以同等组前后测的实施方式获取了第一手数据资料,研究运用社会科学统计软件包(SPSS)进行了数据处理。研究最终得出结论:背诵能够提高学生的英语口语和写作能力。并且在此基础上,作者还对如何有效背诵也提出了自己的建议。最后,论文对本研究的不足之处以及后续研究的发展方向作了简要说明
论文目录
AcknowledgementsAbstract摘要ContentList of Tables and FiguresChapter Ⅰ Introduction1.1 Research Background1.1 Statement of Problem1.3 Research Questions and Hypothesis1.3.1 Research Questions1.3.2 Hypothesis1.4 Overall Structure of the ThesisChapter Ⅱ Literature Review2.1 The View of Behaviorism2.2 The Input Hypothesis2.3 Output Hypotheses2.4 Cognitive Accounts of Second Language Acquisition2.5 Related Study of Recitation2.5.1 Overview of Recitation2.5.2 The Analysis of Recitation Activity2.5.2.1 Recitation and Memory2.5.2.2 Recitation Is a Kind of Language Input2.5.2.3 Recitation Can Reinforce and Perfect the Language Output2.5.2.4 Recitation Makes Creation2.5.2.5 Comparison of Reading and Recitation2.5.3 Recitation in China2.5.4 The Significance of This StudyChapter Ⅲ Empirical Study3.1 Participants3.2 Instruments3.2.1 Questionnaire3.2.2 Pretest3.2.3 Materials3.2.4 Posttest3.2.5 Interview3.3 The Implementation of the Research3.3.1 Pretest Stage3.3.2 Practice Stage3.3.3 Post-test3.3.4 Interview3.4 Data Collecting3.4.1 Scoring3.4.2 TestersChapter Ⅳ Results and Discussion4.1 Result4.1.1 Oral Performance and Statistical Analysis4.1.2 Writing Performance and Statistical Analysis4.1.3 The Result of Interview4.1.4 The Comparison of the Effects of Recitation and Reading Aloud4.2 Discussions4.2.1 Problems of College Students' Language Learning4.2.1.1 Chinese Student are Calling for Sufficient and Suitable Language Input4.2.1.2 Output of Student is Even Rare in China4.2.1.3 Positive Motivation of Student should be Advocated4.3 Major Findings from the Empirical Studies4.3.1 Recitation Can Strengthen the Learners' Memorizing of New Words4.3.2 Getting Rid of the Interference and the Negative Transfer of the Chinese4.3.3 Turning the Explicit Knowledge into Implicit Knowledge4.3.4 Help the Student Foster a Positive Attitude toward English StudyChapter Ⅴ Implications and Suggestions5.1 Some Implications to the Teachers' Teaching Methodology5.2 Some Suggestions on the Effective Recitation5.2.1 Encourage the Students to Choose Their Recitation Material by themselves5.2.2 Good Recitation Materials Are Necessary5.2.3 Some Recitation Skills Are Advised5.2.4 Persistence and Reinforcement Are Required through-out the Recitation PracticeChapter Ⅵ Conclusion6.1 Conclusion6.2 Limitations and Future Plan of This StudyReferencesAppendix Ⅰ QuestionnaireAppendix Ⅱ Pretest PaperAppendix Ⅲ Posttest PaperAppendix Ⅳ Some Passages from the Experiment MaterialAppendix Ⅴ InterviewsAppendix Ⅵ Scoring Criteria of College English Oral PerformanceAppendix Ⅶ Scoring Criteria of CET4 Writing Performance
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标签:英语论文; 背诵论文; 口语论文; 写作论文;