阅读理解的文本类型和答题形式对外语水平的效力

阅读理解的文本类型和答题形式对外语水平的效力

论文摘要

本论文回顾了阅读理论中“自下而上”模式,“自上而下”模式,交互理论和图式理论。不同阅读理论对研究阅读产生了巨大影响。本文不仅详细讨论了每个阅读模式的长处和局限性,而且还从微观信息处理、宏观信息处理、元认知阅读诸多方面阐述了阅读技巧。这些阅读模式和技巧为本研究的考试设计和考试评估提供了很好的参照和借鉴。本文还介绍了多种语言测试,例如:学能考试,学业成绩考试,水平考试,标准参照考试,常模参照考试,分离式考试,综合性考试,客观性考试,主观性考试,直接性考试,间接性考试,速度型考试,力量型考试。虽然考试分类无法穷尽,但是这些分类为我们从不同侧面展示了考试的类型。本文还概述了考试历史所经历的三个阶段,即:前科学测试阶段,心理计量阶段和后现代阶段,以及阅读在不同阶段的特点。这些有关阅读的理论、模式、技巧、和在考试历史中的特征成为本研究重大的依据。 本研究采用了巴赫曼提出的考试方法框架中的两个侧面,即:文本结构和答题形式。在研究大量的文献基础上,本研究采纳了三种文本结构和四种答题形式,并注重保持考试效度、考试特征及考试信度。三种文本类型分别是记叙文、功能性阅读和议论文。四种答题形式分别是多项选择题、翻译、简答题和文章大意归纳。 研究的第一步是测试阅读理解。语篇是现成的,选自过去五年的上海高考卷。水平考试由难度不同的五篇文章构成,每个学生先考同样内容的考卷以便比较他们水平的差异。每个文本类型有三篇文章,配上四种不同的答题形式,共产生12份卷子。12份卷子用于测试三种文本类型和四种答题形式间的相互作用以及对不同程度学生的影响。研究工具有水平测试卷和12份阅读测试卷构成。在试验性研究基础上,按照参与者水平,一些题目和要求做出了微调。某中学高二年级12个自然班共555个学生参加了考试,有效答卷551份,4份答卷无效。在每个参与者做完水平卷后,12个班分别再做12份包含不同文本类型和答题形式的卷子。翻译、简答题和文章大意归纳这些主观题配有详细的评分标准以控制阅卷人本身和阅卷人间的信度。 效度概念中包含很多内容,例如:表面效度(亦称内容效度)、答题效度、共时效度和构想效度等。了解这些概念可以使我们意识到因操作不当引起的种种潜在威胁。为了从统计学角度分析研究结果,本文提出了两个原假设。第一个原假设是阅读理解、文本类型和(或)答题形式间不产生相互作用。第二个原假设是阅读理解测试的好坏、参与者的语言水平、文本类型和(或)答题形式间不产生相互的作用。

论文目录

  • Acknowledgements
  • 中文摘要
  • Abstract
  • Chapter 1 Introduction
  • 1.1 Significance of Reading
  • 1.2 Overview of the Models Concerning Reading Process
  • 1.2.1 Bottom-up Approach
  • 1.2.2 Top-down Approach
  • 1.2.3 Interactive Theory
  • 1.2.4 Schema Theory
  • 1.3 Reading Skills
  • 1.3.1 Micro Processes vs. Macro Processes
  • 1.3.2 Metacognitive Skills
  • 1.4 Types of Language Tests
  • 1.4.1 Test Classification on the Basis of Purposes
  • 1.4.2 Some Broad Categories of Language Tests
  • 1.4.2.1 Aptitude Test, Achievement Test and Proficiency Test
  • 1.4.2.2 Criterion-Referenced Test vs. Norm-Referenced Test
  • 1.4.2.3 Discrete-Point Test vs. Integrative Test
  • 1.4.2.4 Objective Test vs. Subjective Test
  • 1.4.2.5 Direct Test vs. Indirect Test
  • 1.4.2.6 Speed Test vs. Power Test
  • 1.5 Reading in the History of Language Testing
  • 1.5.1 Pre-scientific Testing (or Traditional Stage)
  • 1.5.2 Psychometric Approach (or Modern Stage)
  • 1.5.3 Post-Modern Stage
  • 1.6 Implication for Assessment and Test Design
  • 1.7 Summary
  • Chapter 2 Test Design
  • 2.1 Purpose of the Study and the Test—Validity
  • 2.2 Characteristics of the Test
  • 2.2.1 Text Types
  • 2.2.1.1 Content Structure Analysis (Literature Review)
  • 2.2.1.2 Narration
  • 2.2.1.3 Functional Reading
  • 2.2.1.4 Argumentation
  • 2.2.2 Response Formats
  • 2.2.2.1 Multiple-choice Questions
  • 2.2.2.2 Translation
  • 2.2.2.3 Short Answer Questions
  • 2.2.2.4 Summary Writing
  • 2.3 Decision Accuracy—Test Reliability
  • 2.3.1 Reliability and Error of Measurement
  • 2.3.2 Factors Affecting Test Reliability
  • 2.4 Summary
  • Chapter 3 Research Design
  • 3.1 Passage Selection
  • 3.2 Pilot Study
  • 3.3 Participants
  • 3.4 Item Moderation
  • 3.5 Research Instruments
  • 3.5.1 English Proficiency Test
  • 3.5.2 Reading Comprehension Tests
  • 3.5.2.1 Text Type of Narration
  • 3.5.2.2 Text Type of Functional Reading
  • 3.5.2.3 Text Type of Argumentation
  • 3.6 Marker Standardization
  • 3.6.1 Translation Marking Scheme
  • 3.6.2 Criteria of Marking Short Answer Questions
  • 3.6.3 Marking Scheme for Summary Writing
  • 3.7 Score Interpretation
  • 3.8 Summary
  • Chapter 4 Test Validity
  • 4.1 Validity with Reference to Reliability
  • 4.2 Internal Validity
  • 4.3 Factors Affecting Validity
  • 4.3.1 Face Validity or Content Validity
  • 4.3.2 Response Validity
  • 4.3.3 Concurrent Validity
  • 4.3.4 Construct Validity
  • 4.4 Summary
  • Chapter 5 Statistical Analysis of the Research
  • 5.1 Overall Procedure
  • 5.2 Testing Hypothesis Ⅰ
  • 5.3 Effects of Learners' Proficiency Level
  • 5.4 Correlation with the Proficiency Test
  • 5.5 Testing Hypothesis Ⅱ
  • 5.6 Summary
  • Chapter 6 Implications
  • 6.1 Selection of Text Types
  • 6.2 Selection of Response Formats
  • Chapter 7 Conclusions
  • 7.1 Limitation of the Study and Future Direction
  • 7.2 Concluding Remarks
  • 7.3 Application of the Research Outcome
  • Appendix Ⅰ English Proficiency Test
  • Appendix Ⅱ Multiple-choice Questions as a Response Format to Narration
  • Appendix Ⅲ Multiple-choice Questions as a Response Format to Functional Reading
  • Appendix Ⅳ Multiple-choice Questions as a Response Format to Argumentation
  • Appendix Ⅴ Translation as a Response Format to Narration
  • Appendix Ⅵ Translation as a Response Format to Functional Reading
  • Appendix Ⅶ Translation as a Response Format to Argumentation
  • Appendix Ⅷ Short Answer Questions as a Response Format to Narration
  • Appendix ⅧⅠ Short Answer Questions as a Response Format to Functional Reading
  • Appendix Ⅹ Short Answer Questions as a Response Format to Argumentation
  • Appendix Ⅺ Summary Writing as a Response Format to Three Text Types
  • Appendix Ⅻ Descriptive Statistics Concerning Twelve Groups
  • Appendix ⅫⅠ Performance of Twelve Groups with Reference to Language Proficiency
  • Bibliography
  • 相关论文文献

    • [1].Critical View of the Effect of Oral Reading Fluency in L2 Reading[J]. 海外英语 2017(10)
    • [2].Implications of the Language Transfer to English Reading[J]. 海外英语 2015(20)
    • [3].论Reading Response在英语阅读教学中的运用[J]. 中国培训 2016(18)
    • [4].I’ll help to clean up the city parks(Section B Reading)教学设计[J]. 新课程(中学) 2019(10)
    • [5].Reading[J]. 阅读 2020(Z5)
    • [6].逍遥奇侠[J]. 家教世界 2019(34)
    • [7].Unit 3 Teenage Problems Reading教学设计[J]. 情感读本 2020(06)
    • [8].Quotes About Reading[J]. 英语世界 2020(04)
    • [9].Philosophical Lessons from Reading the Classic Novel Pilgrimage to the West[J]. 校园英语 2020(15)
    • [10].An Example of Promoting Chinese Traditional Culture in English Reading Classes in Senior High Schools in Gannan Tibetan Area[J]. 校园英语 2020(16)
    • [11].如何将Reading Strategy与Reading教学结合[J]. 名师在线 2020(11)
    • [12].Reading and Drawing[J]. 阅读 2020(44)
    • [13].Reading and Life[J]. 校园英语 2018(47)
    • [14].Reading skills practice:My town[J]. 疯狂英语(初中版) 2019(03)
    • [15].Mottos about Reading[J]. 今日中学生 2019(07)
    • [16].Reading[J]. 阅读 2019(44)
    • [17].从Reading教学的瓶颈中探出花蕾[J]. 中学生英语 2018(22)
    • [18].Vehicles for Reading——Open the Door to Education[J]. 校园英语 2018(26)
    • [19].How to Develop Reading Strategies in Extensive Reading[J]. 校园英语 2016(31)
    • [20].英语Reading教学不妨“眼高手低”[J]. 考试周刊 2016(99)
    • [21].Reading与Task结合教学模式的运用策略[J]. 新课程(中学) 2016(12)
    • [22].在Reading板块中如何进行小组合作[J]. 英语画刊(高级版) 2017(02)
    • [23].Book7 Unit2 Robots Reading:Satisfaction Guaranteed文本解读与教学设计[J]. 知音励志 2016(14)
    • [24].江苏牛津版新教材Reading版块教学初探[J]. 校园英语 2016(36)
    • [25].工欲善其事,必先利其器——七年级Reading板块有效预习的路径探寻[J]. 校园英语 2016(35)
    • [26].On Obstacles of English Reading Comprehension to Senior High School Students and Reading Strategies[J]. 校园英语 2017(02)
    • [27].Reading the In-between:Tools and Concepts for Analysing Interaction[J]. 文化遗产研究 2016(02)
    • [28].I Love Reading[J]. 阅读 2017(37)
    • [29].Reading The Needs Of People[J]. Beijing Review 2017(22)
    • [30].The Application of Scaffolding Theory in College English Reading Teaching[J]. 校园英语 2017(14)

    标签:;  ;  ;  ;  

    阅读理解的文本类型和答题形式对外语水平的效力
    下载Doc文档

    猜你喜欢