英汉文化差异和误译

英汉文化差异和误译

论文摘要

“忠实于原著”在古今中外大多数的翻译理论中成为翻译的首要原则与标准,译文对原文信息和形式的偏离被视为误译。然而,汉语与英语在语言结构与文化渊源方面都相去甚远,所以英汉翻译,尤其是英汉文化翻译之间的完全对等是不存在的,因而误译与就成为不可避免的现象。误译,尤其是由于文化因素而引起的文化性误译,生动地反映了不同文化之间的差异和碰撞,对不同文化之间的交流和理解起着重要的作用,因而有特殊的研究价值。自从20世纪70年代翻译的“文化转向”以来,人们对翻译的认识发生了根本性的变化:翻译活动是一项复杂的人类活动,它不是单纯的语言转换,更是两种文化的转换,是一种跨文化的交际行为,翻译不能在真空中进行,而是受到一定的社会文化因素的影响。因此对于误译,我们应该将其放在具体的社会文化环境下进行考察,具体分析其原因,而不是一味地否定。理解错误,表达不贴切,社会文化背景的缺乏是常见的三个误译的来源。同时在翻译过程中,我们也不时发现有意误译的现象。有意误译与作者的目的及接受国的文化环境有密切关系。不管是有意的还是无意的,只要不是由于作者不负责任的滥译而造成的翻译错误,误译的研究倒是有特殊的价值。本文探讨了语言、文化与翻译三者之间的关系,并重点探讨了文化误译现象。文化是语言赖以生存的土壤,而语言则是文化的载体,所以作为语际交流手段的翻译,不仅是语言信息的转换过程,从本质上说更是文化信息的移植。文化间既有共性又有差异,前者使翻译工作障碍减少,后者是影响翻译的主要原因。翻译中最严重的错误,往往不是因为语言表达不当造成的,而是因为错误的文化假设引起。不对源语和目的语间的文化差异给予恰当的处理,就不会有成功的译文。本文对误译的探索性研究,同时本文剖析误译现象存在的文化根源,希望能在翻译中尽可能帮助译者减少误译,进一步增强跨文化交流的有效性。

论文目录

  • Abstract
  • 摘要
  • Introduction
  • Chapter one A Survey of Cultural Mistranslation
  • 1.1 What is mistranslation and cultural mistranslation?
  • 1.2 Sources of cultural mistranslation
  • 1.2.1 Incorrect understanding of the SL
  • 1.2.2 Improper Expression of the translator
  • 1.2.3 Lack of background knowledge of the SL.
  • 1.3 Intentional cultural mistranslation and unintentional cultural mistranslation
  • 1.3.1 Unintentional cultural mistranslation
  • 1.3.2 Intentional Cultural Mistranslation
  • 1.4 Studies related to cultural mistranslation
  • 1.4.1 Linguistic approach
  • 1.4.2 Hermeneutic approach
  • 1.4.3 Cultural Approach
  • Chapter two Cultural Mistranslations Related to Cultural Factors
  • 2.1 Definition of Culture
  • 2.2 The Characteristics of Culture and Classification of Culture
  • 2.3 Similarities between Cultures
  • 2.4 Cultural Gap and Cultural Mistranslation
  • 2.4.1 Cultural Mistranslation in Relation to Techno-economic System
  • 2.4.1.1 Cultural Mistranslation related to Ecology
  • 2.4.1.2 Cultural Mistranslation related to Technology and Science
  • 2.4.2 Cultural Mistranslation in Relation to Social System
  • 2.4.2.1 Cultural Mistranslation Related to Social Classes and Groups
  • 2.4.2.2 Cultural Mistranslation Related to Kinship System
  • 2.4.2.3 Cultural Mistranslation Related to Politics and Law
  • 2.4.3 Cultural Mistranslation in Relation to Linguistic System
  • 2.4.3.1 Cultural Mistranslation on Phonological and Lexical Level
  • 2.4.3.2 Cultural Mistranslation on Syntactic and Semantic Level
  • 2.4.3.3 Cultural Mistranslation on Pragmatic level
  • 2.4.4 Cultural Mistranslation in Relation to Ideational System
  • 2.4.4.1 Cultural Mistranslation Related to Religion
  • 2.4.4.2 Cultural Mistranslation Related to Folklore
  • 2.4.4.3 Cultural Mistranslation related to Image
  • 2.4.4.4 Cultural Mistranslation Related to Value Norms
  • 2.4.4.5 Cultural Mistranslation Related to Ideology
  • Chapter Three Significance on Studying Cultural Mistranslation
  • 3.1 Cultural comparison
  • 3.2 Faithfulness questioned and shifts in translation studies
  • Conclusion
  • Bibliography
  • 发表论文
  • Acknowledgement
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    英汉文化差异和误译
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