对口译模式的认知分析及图式和关联理论的辨证运用

论文摘要

本文从认知角度来分析口译交替传译运作模式,在之基础上提出将图式理论的模式化框架和关联理论的运行机制综合运用于口译过程,以期通过对口译活动的深层认识挖掘出其影响因素,知识和处理能力,从而帮助译员有侧重地积极调动相关元素以更好地完成口译任务。第一部分,根据Gile提出的Effort Model,作者尝试从认知角度对该过程进行了详细分析,主要分为信息输入,存储和输出三个过程;并分析得出口译成效受到译员知识系统和处理能力的影响。围绕Effort Model中对处理能力可用值和需要值相对量化的解释,结合心理语言学分析,作者尝试建立一个量化等式来说明口译成效和译员知识及其处理能力三者之间的量化互动关系。这是下文讨论的理论基础。第二部分对知识图式和处理能力分别作出了详细介绍,并阐述它们如何影响口译成效。图式理论方面,作者介绍了图式的历史,形成,特点,和构成;然后结合案例阐述了为何将知识图式应用于口译,最后针对性提出了相应的口译策略,并就其缺点进行分析,提出关联理论不但可以对其加以补充,同时进一步解释了处理能力这一因素。通过对关联理论形成,构成以及关联原则,最佳关联等有关概念介绍之后,结合交替传译特点和前文提出的口译成效公式,解释了其应用于口译过程的可行性。作者还提出了关联性口译策略。之后,对图式理论和关联理论作一比较,并运用于实例中,表明只有辨证综合运用相关策略才能最大化地完成口译任务。作者在前个等式基础上,尝试发展出新的等式,以涵盖上述两理论中的关键词,如知识,处理能力,语境效果和关联度等,展示出其间的相对量化关系。最后作者认为,口译本身是一个复杂的活动,而成功的口译更是译员多方面技能的综合运用,并不断练习提高的过程。希望本文提出的研究方法和理论能对口译研究之路和译员学习有所帮助。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• 中文摘要
• Abstract
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• Chapter 2 Introduction to Interpretation
• 2.1 Definition
• 2.2 Classification
• 2.3 Features
• 2.4 Literature Review of Researches on Interpretation
• 2.4.1 Research on Interpretation in the West
• 2.4.2 Research on Interpretation in China
• Chapter 3 The Consecutive Interpreting Process Analysis
• 3.1 The Dynamic Illustration
• 3.2 Interpretive Analysis
• 3.2.1 The Effort Model
• 3.2.2 Processing Capacity
• 3.3 The Psychological Analysis of Consecutive Interpretation Process
• 3.3.1 Information Input
• 3.3.2 Information Storage
• 3.3.2.1 Sensory Stores
• 3.3.2.2 Working Memory
• 3.3.2.3 Permanent Memory
• 3.3.2.4 Application to Consecutive Interpretation
• 3.3.3 Information Output
• 3.3.3.1 Conceptualizing Process
• 3.3.3.2 Formulating Process
• 3.3.3.3 Articulation Process
• 3.3.3.4 Self-monitoring Process
• 3.3.4 Interpretation Performance Formula
• 3.4 Reflections on Gile’s Effort Model
• 3.4.1 Knowledge Discussion
• 3.4.2 Processing Effort Discussion
• Chapter 4 Knowledge Schema
• 4.1 The Developing History of Schema Theory
• 4.2 Basic Features of Schema
• 4.3 The Forming of Knowledge Schema
• 4.4 The Knowledge Schema of the Interpreter
• 4.4.1 Language Schema
• 4.4.2 Formal Schema
• 4.4.2.1 Conference Script
• 4.4.2.2 Narrative Format
• 4.4.3 Content Schema
• 4.4.4 Situational Schema
• 4.4.5 Cognitive Schema
• 4.5 The Application of Knowledge Schema to Consecutive Interpretation
• 4.5.1 Researches on Knowledge Schema
• 4.5.2 The Role of Knowledge Schema in Consecutive Interpretation
• 4.5.3 The Schema Strategy for Interpreters
• 4.6 The Diagram Explanation of Interpretative Process
• 4.7 Reflection on the Schema Theory
• Chapter 5 Relevance Theory
• 5.1 Relevance Theory
• 5.1.1 Introduction to Relevance Theory
• 5.1.2 Two Elements in Relevance Theory
• 5.1.3 Principle of Relevance
• 5.2 The Application of Relevance Theory to Consecutive Interpretation
• 5.2.1 Researches on Relevance Theory
• 5.2.2 Relevance Account of Consecutive Interpretation
• 5.2.3 The Principle of Relevance as the Guidelines to Consecutive Interpretation
• 5.3 Processing Effort Discussion
• 5.4 The Reference Strategy for Interpreters
• 5.4.1 From the Previous Utterances
• 5.4.2 From the Encyclopedic Memory
• 5.4.3 From Physical Environment
• 5.5 Comparison between Schema Theory and Relevance Theory
• 5.6 The Comprehensive Applications of the Two Theories to Interpretation Process
• 5.7 The Reflections on These Two Theories
• Chapter 6 Conclusion
• Bibliography