呼吁生态平衡——《弗兰肯斯坦》的生态批评解读

论文摘要

凭借《弗兰肯斯坦,或现代普罗米修斯》这一部小说,玛丽·沃斯通克拉夫特(·欧德文)·雪莱便足以与父母、丈夫共同跻身于浪漫主义文学的巅峰。该作品自1818年问世以来,便广受大众的喜爱和评论界的关注。从生态批评的角度解读《弗兰肯斯坦》是一个全新的视角。本论文从自然生态、社会生态、精神生态等几个维度对《弗兰肯斯坦》进行解读,认为《弗兰肯斯坦》揭示了人与自然、人与人以及人与自我等错综复杂的基本关系,以及生态失衡现象。通过分析小说中两个主要人物维克多和他所造之物的悲剧原因是在自然生态、社会生态、精神生态等几个维度的失衡,从而探讨小说中雪莱对人与自然、人与人及人与自我关系的反思。雪莱试图告诫人们:如果无视自然法则,脱离社会,无视自我的精神健康,一味追求个人价值的实现,只会导致人类生态的失衡及人类的灭亡。小说作者认为只有努力协调好人与自然、人与人以及人与自我等错综复杂的基本关系,人类才能实现真正的生态平衡,同时呼吁自然生态、社会生态和精神生态三者达到平衡。

论文目录

• 摘要
• Abstract
• Chapter One Introduction
• Chapter Two Frankenstein and Ecocriticism
• 2.1 A brief introduction to Frankenstein
• 2.2 An overview of ecocriticism
• Chapter Three Violation of Natural Law — Natural Ecology in Frankenstein
• 3.1 Victor: violator of natural law
• 3.2 The Creature: incarnation of nature deserted by human beings
• 3.2.1 The incarnation of nature
• 3.2.2 Desertion by human beings
• Chapter Four Distorted Human Relationships — Social Ecology in Frankenstein
• 4.1 Disharmony — Victor’s relationship with society and his Creature
• 4.1.1 Isolation from society for his ambition
• 4.1.2 Rejection to his responsibility —disharmonious relationship with the Creature
• 4.2 Disharmony — the Creature’s Relationship with Victor and De Lacey
• 4.2.1 The Creature as a human being
• 4.2.2 The disharmonious relationship between the Creature and Victor
• 4.2.3 Disharmonious relationship between the Creature and De Lacey
• Chapter Five Alienation — Spiritual Ecology in Frankenstein
• 5.1 Victor: alienation due to his ruthless quest
• 5.2 Spiritual torture of the Creature
• Chapter Six Conclusion
• 6.1 Major findings
• 6.2 Limitations and suggestions
• Bibliography
• Appendix
• Acknowledgements