汉语中“领主属宾句”的句法研究

论文摘要

“领主属宾句”（Guo 1990,简称PSPO句）,以“王冕七岁上死了父亲”一句为例,是汉语中争议较多的一种句法结构。对领主属宾句的研究存在着一些问题,如:为什么非宾格动词能同时携带主语和宾语?领有名词和隶属名词的题元角色和格各是什么?领主属宾句是怎样生成的?到目前为止,对于领有名词的句首位置有两种解释,一种是移位说（Xu 1999,2001;Han 2000;Wen & Chen 2001）,另一种是基础生成说（Zhu 2005,Pan & Han2005）。前者认为在“领有名词提升法则”的驱动下,领有名词从隶属名词的定语位置移至整个句子的最前端;后者认为句首的领有名词是基础生成而非移位而来。在综合回顾了以上种种研究之后,基于乔姆斯基（Chomsky 2000）的最简探索和里滋（Rizzi 1997,2001,2004）的CP分裂假说,本文对领主属宾句的句法分析提出了一种新的方案。我们提出一种与之前移位说有所不同的新移位说。过去的移位说认为领主属宾句中的领有名词移到[Spec,TP]位置,新移位说则证明领有名词的落点是在一个句法上的话题位置[Spec,TopP],其中的TopP由CP分裂而来。由于话题位置是非主目语位置,移位后的领有名词与它的低层拷贝享有共同的格与题元角色。本文仅仅指出领有名词与隶属名词共同所处的有定名词短语与时态T进行特征核查获得主格,而未对有定短语内部结构进行深入研究。我们进而比较分析了与领主属宾句相似的另外两种句式,清晰领主属宾句的生成条件。通过仔细的研究,我们得出结论:领主属宾句中的领有名词实质是由低层Spec-D位置移位而来的话题,表达已知的旧信息。

论文目录

• ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
• ABSTRACT
• 摘要
• CONTENTS
• CHAPTER ONE General Introduction
• CHAPTER TWO Review of Previous Studies
• 2.1 Introductory Words
• 2.2 Literature Review
• 2.2.1 The Movement Approach
• 2.2.2 The Base-Generation Approach
• 2.3 Comments on the Previous Studies
• 2.4 Summary
• CHAPTER THREE Our Hypothesis:The Possessor Is not a Subject
• 3.1 Introductory Words
• 3.2 The Possessor Is Not an Internally-Moved Subject
• 3.2.1 The Violation of the LBC
• 3.2.2 The Case Problem
• 3.2.3 The Unreasonable Disappearance of the Genitive Case Marker 'de'
• 3.3 The Possessor Is Not an Externally-Merged Subject
• 3.4 Summary
• CHAPTER FOUR Our Assumption:The PSPO Sentence Is a Topic Sentence
• 4.1 Introductory Words
• 4.2 The Topic Position in a Sentence
• 4.3 The Topic Sentence in Mandarin Chinese
• 4.3.1 The Definition of the Topic
• 4.3.2 The Structure of the Topic Sentence in Mandarin Chinese
• 4.3.3 Our Analysis of the PSPO Sentence
• 4.4 Summary
• CHAPTER FIVE The Generating Process of the PSPO Sentence
• 5.1 Introductory Words
• 5.2 The Theoretical Framework:the Minimalist Inquiries
• 5.2.1 The Faculty of Language and the Performance Systems
• 5.2.2 The Universal Grammar and the Legibility Conditions
• 5.2.3 Merge,Agree and Move and the Core Functional Categories CFCs
• 5.2.4 Uninterpretable Features and Unvalued Features
• 5.2.5 The Phase Theory
• 5.3 The Generating Process of the PSPO Sentence
• 5.3.1 The Defects of the 'Dangling Topic' Hypothesis and the Evidence of the Topic Movement
• 5.3.2 The Derivation of the PSPO Sentence
• 5.4 The Semantic Interpretation of the PSPO Sentence #（?）
• 5.5 The Difference Between the PSPO Sentence and Other Similar Constructions
• 5.6 Summary
• CHAPTER SIX Concluding Remarks
• 6.1 A Summary of the Whole Thesis
• 6.2 Limitations
• REFERENCES