英汉比较关联构式的对比研究 ——“The Xer the Yer”和“Yue X yue Y”

论文摘要

本文以认知语言学中的构式语法和心理空间理论为理论框架,采用定量和定性相结合的研究方法试图从认知视角对英汉比较关联构式中的‘"The Xer the Yer"和“越X越Y”两个构式进行对比研究。目前,对"The Xer the Yer"和“越X越Y”构式的研究已引起了国内外学者的注意,但是对他们的对比研究并不多见。所以,从认知的视角尝试对两个句式进行对比研究还是很有必要的。通过对比,我们发现两者在句法上都由两个相互依赖的分句构成,有成对的词汇语类标志词,但是,‘"The Xer the Yer"构式中的比较关联词"the-er"有词素变体而且移位到了每个分句的句首,而这些现象在“越X越Y”中都不存在；“越X越Y”中可以加入关联词“比”但"The Xer the Yer"加上"than"后就不合语法。针对这些现象,本文进行了较为详细的解释。根据构式语法理论,任何语言模式,只要它的形式或功能的某个方面不能从它的组成部分或其他已知存在的构式推知,就可以被认为是一个构式。语言表达式的意义不仅来自于其所包含的词汇,表达式所包含的语法构式同样只有意义。由此,本文认为‘The Xer the Yer"和“越X越Y”是两个带有词汇意义之外的独立构式意义的构式,它们有条件、比较和致使变化的意义,既非通过一般的组合（compositional）过程,也非通过会话推理,由字面意义派生而来。从心理空间理论来看,"The Xer the Yer"和‘"Yue X yue T"的构式义是不同组织框架在合成空间中进行整合,共同构造形成突显结构。概念合成的过程不仅存在于“输入空间1”（源域）和“输入空间2”（目标域）之间,而且贯穿于整个语义建构过程,每个空间内部以及不同的空间之间都有语义整合存在,语义整合是多角度、动态化进行的。通过以上对比,我们认为尽管英汉比较关联构式中的这两种结构虽各具特色,但都体现了语言结构与认知的紧密关系。语言是人类思维活动的表现,比较关联构式是人类认知世界的产物,而不是形式语言学所主张的由同一深层结构通过位移等手段推导生成的不同表层结构。此外通过对比,我们能对比较关联构式有一个更加清晰的认识和了解,对两种语言学习者习得语言,进行英汉互译都能起到一定的指导作用。

论文目录

• Abstract
• 摘要
• Introduction
• 0.1 Research Subject and Viewpoint
• 0.2 Method of the Study
• 0.3 Organization of the Study
• Chapter 1 Literature Review
• 1.1 Current Study of English CC "The X-er,the Y-er"
• 1.1.1 Comparative Conditionals or Comparative Correlatives
• 1.1.2 Study Concerned with the Syntax of English CC
• 1.1.3 Study Concerned with the Semantics of CC
• 1.2 Current Study of Chinese CC "Yue X yue Y"
• 1.2.1 On Part of Speech of "yue"
• 1.2.2 On the Components of "X" and "Y"
• 1.2.3 Semantic Study of the Construction "Yue X yue Y"
• 1.3 Summary
• Chapter 2 Theoretical Background
• 2.1 Construction Grammar
• 2.1.1 General Remarks
• 2.1.2 Definition of Construction and Construction Grammar
• 2.1.3 The Advantages and Disadvantages of Construction Grammar
• 2.2 Mental Space and Conceptual Integration Theory
• 2.2.1 Mental Space Theory
• 2.2.2 Conceptual Integration Theory
• 2.3 Summary
• Chapter 3 A Contrastive Study of the Syntactic Properties of English CC and Chinese CC
• 3.1 The Syntactic Properties of English CC
• 3.1.1 The-clauses
• 1 and C₂'>3.1.2 The Relation between C₁ and C₂
• 3.1.3 Fronting
• 3.2 The Syntactic Properties of Chinese CC
• 3.2.1 The Internal Structure of Chinese CC
• 3.2.2 The External Structure of Chinese CC
• 3.3 The Syntactic Differences and Similarities between ECC and CCC
• 3.3.1 The Syntactic Differences
• 3.3.2 The Syntactic Similarities
• 3.4 A Cognitive Account of the Syntax of the Two Constructions
• 3.5 Summary
• Chapter 4 A Contrastive Analysis of the Semantic Properties of English CC and Chinese CC
• 4.1 An Analysis Within the Framework of Construction Grammar
• 4.1.1 Causation Meaning
• 4.1.2 The Sense of Conditionality
• 4.1.3 The Sense of Comparison
• 4.2 An Analysis Within the Framework of Mental Space
• 4.2.1 Causation Meaning
• 4.2.2 Conditionality Meaning
• 4.2.3 Comparison Meaning
• 4.3 Constraints on English and Chinese CC constructions
• 4.3.1 Constraints on English CC Construction
• 4.3.1.1 Constraints on "x" and "Y"
• 4.3.1.2 Constraint on the Tense
• 4.3.2 Constraints on Chinese CC Construction
• 4.3.2.1 Constraints on "X" and "Y"
• 4.3.2.2 Aspectual Constraint
• 4.4 Summary
• Conclusion
• Bibliography
• Appendix
• Acknowledgements