二语习得中听的优先性

二语习得中听的优先性

论文摘要

第二语言习得中的听力问题一直困扰着中国的英语学习者。他们在英语学习初期往往重视词汇和语法,随后开始重视阅读写作和口语。在整个过程中,很少有学习者有意识地重视听力。听力的提高往往被视为重复练习。英语学习者普遍认为听是一个被动接受信息的过程,意识不到听的能动性。对于二语习得的研究,语言学家们已经取得了很多成果;而对于听的研究,更多的是侧重于听的过程。本文作者采用定量和定性相结合的研究方法,从语言学结合听力过程的角度提出二语习得中听有其优先性,以期引起英语学习者对于听的重视,最终找到提高英语的方法。本文通过测试观察和问卷调查记录了英语学习者在做听力测试题时的答案和对于听的感受,以及分析专业四级考试大纲,将听力过程与二语习得理论相结合,证实听力是非常重要,也是非常难的;继而分析答案与问题的题型和问卷调查的结果,结合关联理论,分析听的能动性最后得出结论:导致听困难的主要原因为听是主动和被动相结合的过程;推测在听的过程中占很大比例。听话人需要推测出说话人的真正意图,这个推测的过程容易使听话人在对话语进行理解时遇到障碍。听力过程是一个很复杂的过程,并不是只有推测对话语理解造成影响,其他别的因素比如口音、语调、背景知识、母语思维、心理因素等都能影响话语理解。本文结合一语习得中听的第一性和说的第二性,通过分析克拉申的可理解输入、领悟法和同声传译过程,得出在二语习得中听也是第一性的。在英语学习过程中,听和说密切相连,听可以帮助提高说的能力,这两个过程互相补充,共同作用于提高学习者的英语水平。

论文目录

  • 摘要
  • Abstract
  • Chapter 1 Introduction
  • 1.1 The Problem
  • 1.2 Research Question and Objectives
  • 1.3 Topic of Research and Hypotheses
  • Chapter 2 Theoretical Framework and Related Literature
  • 2.1 Theoretical Framework
  • 2.1.1 Introduction
  • 2.1.2 Krashen’s Monitor Model
  • 2.1.3 The Comprehension Approach
  • 2.1.4 Relevance Theory
  • 2.1.5 Interaction Hypothesis
  • 2.2 Related Literature
  • 2.2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2.2 Theories of First Language Acquisition and Listening
  • 2.2.3 Theories of Second Language Acquisition
  • 2.2.4 Logogen Model and Cohort Model
  • 2.2.5 Individual Differences
  • 2.2.6 Listening
  • 2.2.7 Listening Development of Second Language Acquisition
  • 2.2.8 The Role of Output
  • Chapter 3 Method
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Materials
  • 3.3 Participants
  • 3.4 Research Procedures
  • Chapter 4 Results
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 The Importance and Difficulty of Listening
  • 4.2.1 Analysis of CET 4 and TEM 4
  • 4.2.2 Inference in Listening Process
  • 4.2.3 Listening Primary and Speaking Secondary
  • Chapter 5 Discussion
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Discussion about the Difficulty of Listening
  • 5.2.1 Inference
  • 5.2.2 The Possible Factors Resulting in the Difficulty of Listening
  • 5.3 The Priority of Listening in Second Language Acquisition
  • 5.4 Implications on Improving English
  • Chapter 6 Conclusion
  • 6.1 Summary
  • 6.2 Validity and Reliability
  • 6.3 Limitations and Further Research
  • References
  • Appendix
  • Published Paper
  • Acknowledgements
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    二语习得中听的优先性
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