本文主要研究内容
作者赵娣(2019)在《分根区交替灌溉对滴灌加工番茄生理生长及产量的影响研究》一文中研究指出:目的:加工番茄是新疆地区重要的经济作物之一,但水资源日益短缺和供需矛盾问题限制了加工番茄的生产力。早期研究报道,分根区交替灌溉(APRI)可以利用根系产生的水分胁迫信号调节叶片最优气孔开度,可以在减少无效蒸发损失和总灌水量的同时,提高根系吸水能力以及土壤养分利用率,以不牺牲光合产物积累为前提,达到节水效果。加工番茄栽培中应用分根区交替灌溉的研究结果还比较少,因此在新疆特殊地理环境和气候条件下,开展加工番茄分根区交替灌溉桶栽试验,精确控制灌水定额,探讨分根区交替灌溉技术对加工番茄生理生长、产量及品质等指标的影响,以期为当地加工番茄种植的最佳灌溉模式和灌水量提供理论参考。方法:利用桶栽试验,以加工番茄品种“金番3166”为研究对象,设置灌溉方式和灌水量两因素三水平完全处理试验;灌溉方式设分根区交替灌溉(APRI)、固定灌溉(FPRI)和常规灌溉(CDI)分别与滴灌覆膜结合,灌水水平设轻度亏水(5850 m3·hm-2)、中度亏水(4500 m3·hm-2)和重度亏水(3150m3·hm-2),APRI和FPRI的灌水量为CDI的三分之二,共9个处理,每个处理设定3个重复。结果:(1)分根区交替灌溉在轻度亏水(W1)处理下,较常规灌溉有效地控制了加工番茄株高,扩大了茎粗和叶面积指数,有效减少了植株生长冗余。不同处理加工番茄株高、茎粗和叶面积指数符合Logistic曲线“慢—快—慢”的生长规律,不同灌溉组合处理下加工番茄株高、茎粗和叶面积指数的生长量增长潜力及最大生长速率均表现为:AW1>CW1>CW2>AW2>FW1>FW2>CW3>AW3>FW3。(2)加工番茄根系集中分布于表层(020 cm),分根区交替灌溉对加工番茄根系的影响主要表现在位于表层(020 cm)且直径≤2 mm的细小根系上。加工番茄根质量、根长、根表面积、根体积及平均直径受灌水方式和灌水水平交互作用的影响显著,且与产量成显著线性正相关,增大灌水量,有利于根系生长壮大。分根区交替灌溉显著提高了根系的各项特征参数值,在轻度亏水(W1)下达到最大值,且产量最高,与常规灌溉相比,增产18.84%。分根区交替灌溉同时也提高了根系对N、P、K养分的吸收水平,且在中度亏水下根系活力最高,分别显著高于常规灌溉和固定灌溉处理6.12%、11.60%。通过模拟两参数和三参数模型下的根密度和土层深度的指数函数,发现三参数指数拟合分根区交替滴灌平均和分区根密度与土层深度关系的相关系数较两参数明显提高,但模拟常规滴灌时,两参数模型较三参数模型相关系数高。(3)分根区交替灌溉轻度亏水(W1)处理的加工番茄叶片维持了较高的叶绿素含量、光合特性(净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)),荧光特性(PSΙΙ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、光化学潜在活性(Fv/F0)、光化学淬灭系数(qp)),但在一定程度上降低了胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ),说明分根区交替灌溉供水充足前提下,可有效降低光抑制强度,激发补偿效应和自我光保护机能,抑制有关光合色素分解,对植株的二次生长有益。(4)与常规灌溉相比,分根区交替灌溉轻度亏水(W1)处理显著提高了加工番茄的单株果数,降低了单果重,但单株总产量提高0.02 kg。加工番茄产量与单株果数的相关性(R2=0.9034)大于产量与单果重的相关性(R2=0.5425),表明加工番茄产量的提高主要是因为果实数量的增加。在同等水分处理条件下,APRI处理表现出较高的灌溉水利用效率,分别较FPRI和CDI处理灌溉水利用效率显著提高53.51%和50.86%、30.21%和15.47%、8.43%和15.38%,充分发挥了植物本身的生物学节水潜力。(5)分根区交替灌溉在同等水分条件下显著提高了加工番茄果实Vc含量、番茄红素、可溶性糖和糖酸比(P<0.05),与固定灌溉相比降低了可滴定酸含量和可溶性固形物(除W3)。通过改进模糊灰色关联度法对加工番茄综合品质评价,得到加工番茄综合指标排名为AW1>AW2>CW2>AW3>CW3>FW2>CW1>FW3>FW1,分根区交替灌溉处理排名获得前2,高于常规灌溉和固定灌溉,因此认为分根区交替灌溉在轻度亏水(W1)和中度亏水(W2)时的处理可作为提高加工番茄综合品质的最优灌溉组合模式。结论:综合加工番茄生长、生理、产量、灌溉水利用效率、品质等指标,本试验结果认为分根区交替灌溉(APRI)和轻度亏水处理(3900 m3·hm-2)的组合模式可用于本地区种植加工番茄节水增产高质的种植模式。
Abstract
mu de :jia gong fan jia shi xin jiang de ou chong yao de jing ji zuo wu zhi yi ,dan shui zi yuan ri yi duan que he gong xu mao dun wen ti xian zhi le jia gong fan jia de sheng chan li 。zao ji yan jiu bao dao ,fen gen ou jiao ti guan gai (APRI)ke yi li yong gen ji chan sheng de shui fen xie pai xin hao diao jie xie pian zui you qi kong kai du ,ke yi zai jian shao mo xiao zheng fa sun shi he zong guan shui liang de tong shi ,di gao gen ji xi shui neng li yi ji tu rang yang fen li yong lv ,yi bu xi sheng guang ge chan wu ji lei wei qian di ,da dao jie shui xiao guo 。jia gong fan jia zai pei zhong ying yong fen gen ou jiao ti guan gai de yan jiu jie guo hai bi jiao shao ,yin ci zai xin jiang te shu de li huan jing he qi hou tiao jian xia ,kai zhan jia gong fan jia fen gen ou jiao ti guan gai tong zai shi yan ,jing que kong zhi guan shui ding e ,tan tao fen gen ou jiao ti guan gai ji shu dui jia gong fan jia sheng li sheng chang 、chan liang ji pin zhi deng zhi biao de ying xiang ,yi ji wei dang de jia gong fan jia chong zhi de zui jia guan gai mo shi he guan shui liang di gong li lun can kao 。fang fa :li yong tong zai shi yan ,yi jia gong fan jia pin chong “jin fan 3166”wei yan jiu dui xiang ,she zhi guan gai fang shi he guan shui liang liang yin su san shui ping wan quan chu li shi yan ;guan gai fang shi she fen gen ou jiao ti guan gai (APRI)、gu ding guan gai (FPRI)he chang gui guan gai (CDI)fen bie yu di guan fu mo jie ge ,guan shui shui ping she qing du kui shui (5850 m3·hm-2)、zhong du kui shui (4500 m3·hm-2)he chong du kui shui (3150m3·hm-2),APRIhe FPRIde guan shui liang wei CDIde san fen zhi er ,gong 9ge chu li ,mei ge chu li she ding 3ge chong fu 。jie guo :(1)fen gen ou jiao ti guan gai zai qing du kui shui (W1)chu li xia ,jiao chang gui guan gai you xiao de kong zhi le jia gong fan jia zhu gao ,kuo da le jing cu he xie mian ji zhi shu ,you xiao jian shao le zhi zhu sheng chang rong yu 。bu tong chu li jia gong fan jia zhu gao 、jing cu he xie mian ji zhi shu fu ge Logisticqu xian “man —kuai —man ”de sheng chang gui lv ,bu tong guan gai zu ge chu li xia jia gong fan jia zhu gao 、jing cu he xie mian ji zhi shu de sheng chang liang zeng chang qian li ji zui da sheng chang su lv jun biao xian wei :AW1>CW1>CW2>AW2>FW1>FW2>CW3>AW3>FW3。(2)jia gong fan jia gen ji ji zhong fen bu yu biao ceng (020 cm),fen gen ou jiao ti guan gai dui jia gong fan jia gen ji de ying xiang zhu yao biao xian zai wei yu biao ceng (020 cm)ju zhi jing ≤2 mmde xi xiao gen ji shang 。jia gong fan jia gen zhi liang 、gen chang 、gen biao mian ji 、gen ti ji ji ping jun zhi jing shou guan shui fang shi he guan shui shui ping jiao hu zuo yong de ying xiang xian zhe ,ju yu chan liang cheng xian zhe xian xing zheng xiang guan ,zeng da guan shui liang ,you li yu gen ji sheng chang zhuang da 。fen gen ou jiao ti guan gai xian zhe di gao le gen ji de ge xiang te zheng can shu zhi ,zai qing du kui shui (W1)xia da dao zui da zhi ,ju chan liang zui gao ,yu chang gui guan gai xiang bi ,zeng chan 18.84%。fen gen ou jiao ti guan gai tong shi ye di gao le gen ji dui N、P、Kyang fen de xi shou shui ping ,ju zai zhong du kui shui xia gen ji huo li zui gao ,fen bie xian zhe gao yu chang gui guan gai he gu ding guan gai chu li 6.12%、11.60%。tong guo mo ni liang can shu he san can shu mo xing xia de gen mi du he tu ceng shen du de zhi shu han shu ,fa xian san can shu zhi shu ni ge fen gen ou jiao ti di guan ping jun he fen ou gen mi du yu tu ceng shen du guan ji de xiang guan ji shu jiao liang can shu ming xian di gao ,dan mo ni chang gui di guan shi ,liang can shu mo xing jiao san can shu mo xing xiang guan ji shu gao 。(3)fen gen ou jiao ti guan gai qing du kui shui (W1)chu li de jia gong fan jia xie pian wei chi le jiao gao de xie lu su han liang 、guang ge te xing (jing guang ge su lv (Pn)、zheng teng su lv (Tr)he qi kong dao du (Gs)),ying guang te xing (PSΙΙzui da guang hua xue xiao lv (Fv/Fm)、guang hua xue qian zai huo xing (Fv/F0)、guang hua xue cui mie ji shu (qp)),dan zai yi ding cheng du shang jiang di le bao jian CO2nong du (Ci)he fei guang hua xue cui mie ji shu (NPQ),shui ming fen gen ou jiao ti guan gai gong shui chong zu qian di xia ,ke you xiao jiang di guang yi zhi jiang du ,ji fa bu chang xiao ying he zi wo guang bao hu ji neng ,yi zhi you guan guang ge se su fen jie ,dui zhi zhu de er ci sheng chang you yi 。(4)yu chang gui guan gai xiang bi ,fen gen ou jiao ti guan gai qing du kui shui (W1)chu li xian zhe di gao le jia gong fan jia de chan zhu guo shu ,jiang di le chan guo chong ,dan chan zhu zong chan liang di gao 0.02 kg。jia gong fan jia chan liang yu chan zhu guo shu de xiang guan xing (R2=0.9034)da yu chan liang yu chan guo chong de xiang guan xing (R2=0.5425),biao ming jia gong fan jia chan liang de di gao zhu yao shi yin wei guo shi shu liang de zeng jia 。zai tong deng shui fen chu li tiao jian xia ,APRIchu li biao xian chu jiao gao de guan gai shui li yong xiao lv ,fen bie jiao FPRIhe CDIchu li guan gai shui li yong xiao lv xian zhe di gao 53.51%he 50.86%、30.21%he 15.47%、8.43%he 15.38%,chong fen fa hui le zhi wu ben shen de sheng wu xue jie shui qian li 。(5)fen gen ou jiao ti guan gai zai tong deng shui fen tiao jian xia xian zhe di gao le jia gong fan jia guo shi Vchan liang 、fan jia gong su 、ke rong xing tang he tang suan bi (P<0.05),yu gu ding guan gai xiang bi jiang di le ke di ding suan han liang he ke rong xing gu xing wu (chu W3)。tong guo gai jin mo hu hui se guan lian du fa dui jia gong fan jia zeng ge pin zhi ping jia ,de dao jia gong fan jia zeng ge zhi biao pai ming wei AW1>AW2>CW2>AW3>CW3>FW2>CW1>FW3>FW1,fen gen ou jiao ti guan gai chu li pai ming huo de qian 2,gao yu chang gui guan gai he gu ding guan gai ,yin ci ren wei fen gen ou jiao ti guan gai zai qing du kui shui (W1)he zhong du kui shui (W2)shi de chu li ke zuo wei di gao jia gong fan jia zeng ge pin zhi de zui you guan gai zu ge mo shi 。jie lun :zeng ge jia gong fan jia sheng chang 、sheng li 、chan liang 、guan gai shui li yong xiao lv 、pin zhi deng zhi biao ,ben shi yan jie guo ren wei fen gen ou jiao ti guan gai (APRI)he qing du kui shui chu li (3900 m3·hm-2)de zu ge mo shi ke yong yu ben de ou chong zhi jia gong fan jia jie shui zeng chan gao zhi de chong zhi mo shi 。
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论文作者分别是来自石河子大学的赵娣,发表于刊物石河子大学2019-09-26论文,是一篇关于分根区交替灌溉论文,加工番茄论文,生长生理特性论文,产量论文,品质论文,石河子大学2019-09-26论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用,各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载,文章观点不代表本站观点,资料来自石河子大学2019-09-26论文网站,若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权,请联系我们删除。
标签:分根区交替灌溉论文; 加工番茄论文; 生长生理特性论文; 产量论文; 品质论文; 石河子大学2019-09-26论文;