浅谈英汉接续口译中的理解与记忆

论文摘要

接续口译作为口译形式之一,在口译教学以及对口译准确度要求较高的场合发挥着举足轻重的作用。在接续口译中,尤其是英汉接续口译,理解和记忆是影响口译质量与效果的两个极为重要的因素,二者相辅相成,不可分离,共同决定着译员的当场发挥与表现。在接续口译方面对理解因素的研究很多,对记忆因素的探讨也颇多,但是对二者的共同研究却不是很多。本文主要探讨和分析英汉接续口译中的理解和记忆问题,并侧重于二者之间的紧密关系。理解在英汉接续口译中至关重要,任何理解的欠缺、遗漏或误解将会影响口译的准确性,完整性,从而降低口译质量,译者的表现也大打折扣。尽管理解至关重要,但它却不能单枪匹马地出色完成接续口译,这引出要探讨的另一个影响口译的重要因素:记忆。记忆在接续口译中也发挥着举足轻重的作用。记忆的分门别类因标准而异,但是为大家所普遍接受的分法是:感觉记忆、工作记忆以及永久记忆。在英汉接续口译中,理解和记忆互相影响,互为作用,共同促成口译的有效完成。在英汉接续口译中,理解在先,只有充分理解了言者所述意思,才能更准确清晰地记住所要口译的内容;相反,如果理解欠缺或者不当,将会导致口译无从着手,口译结果也可想而知。因此译者需在言者说话的同时记住所理解的内容,以便为自己稍后的口译做准备,否则口译便成了无米之炊。另一方面,译者需博览群书,经历丰富,脑中有所储蓄,在进行某一项接续口译时,才能更好地理解当前所涉及的话题或内容。本文借用心理语言学的研究成果,主要从词汇、句子、语篇等层面讨论接续口译中的理解问题。接下来的各篇章将结合口译实例具体阐述英汉接续口译中,理解与记忆是如何相互影响,相互作用的。语音、词汇等各种信息激活了储存在译者脑中的相关知识,使当前正在处理的信息与之相匹对,从而更有助于理解当前的议题。在心理语言学中,语言学家经过多年的刻苦钻研、不断修订,已提出许多关于信息存储、记忆信息被激活,以及有助于语篇理解的图式等各种模式。本文将借助这些模式,针对英汉接续口译中的信息存储以及提取问题作一些初步的研究。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• Abstract
• 摘要
• Introduction
• Chapter One Basic Concepts of Interpretation
• 1.1 Categorization of Interpretation
• 1.2 Advantages of Consecutive Interpretation
• 1.3 Strategies Used in Consecutive Interpretation
• 1.3.1 Top-down and Bottom-up Strategies
• 1.3.2 Automatic and Controlled Processes
• 1.4 Comprehension in Consecutive Interpretation
• 1.5 A General Model of Comprehension Processing
• 1.5.1 Sensory Stores in Consecutive Interpretation
• 1.5.2 Working Memory in Consecutive Interpretation
• 1.5.3 Permanent Memory in Consecutive Interpretation
• 1.6 Summary of Memory and Comprehension in CI
• 1.7 Issues to be Addressed
• Chapter Two Word Comprehension and Memory in CI
• 2.1 Lexical Access Model Applied in CI
• 2.1.1 Logogen Model in Consecutive Interpretation
• 2.1.2 Cohort Model in Consecutive Interpretation
• 2.2 Comparison and Summary of the Models in CI
• 2.3 Word Frequency in Consecutive Interpretation
• 2.4 Analysis of Word Comprehension and Memory in CI
• Chapter Three Sentence Comprehension and Memory in Consecutive Interpretation
• 3.1 Sentence Parsing in Consecutive Interpretation
• 3.2 Inferences in Consecutive Interpretation
• 3.3 Given/new Strategy Adopted in Consecutive Interpretation
• 3.4 Context Roles in CI Sentence Comprehension
• 3.5 Sentence Comprehension and Memory in CI
• 3.5.1 Sentence Comprehension Model Applied in CI
• 3.5.2 Propositions of Sentence in Consecutive Interpretation
• 3.6 Memory of Sentence Meaning in CI
• Chapter Four Discourse Comprehension and Memory in Consecutive Interpretation
• 4.1 Discourse Comprehension in Consecutive Interpretation
• 4.1.1 The Process of Discourse Comprehension in CI
• 4.1.2 Schema in Consecutive Interpretation
• 4.1.3 Functions of Schema in Consecutive Interpretation
• 4.1.4 Activation of Effective Schema in Consecutive Interpretation
• 4.2 Context in Consecutive Interpretation
• 4.3 Memory for Discourse in Consecutive Interpretation
• 4.3.1 Surface Representation in Consecutive Interpretation
• 4.3.2 Propositional Representation in Consecutive Interpretation
• 4.3.3 Situational Models in Consecutive Interpretation
• 4.4 Analysis of Discourse Comprehension and Memory in CI
• Conclusion
• Bibliography