论文摘要
在众多的导电聚合物中,聚苯胺(Polyaniline,PANI)因具有良好的导电性、可逆的电化学氧化还原特性、较强的电荷贮存能力和良好的环境稳定性而被广泛应用在电致变色器件、电催化、二次电池以及传感器等许多领域。无机纳米粒子因其优异的光、电、磁、吸波、催化、增强增韧等物理和化学性质而被广泛应用于电子学、催化、光学、生物和医药等多种领域。将无机纳米粒子引入聚苯胺母体制备出具有优异性能的复合物材料是目前研究的热点。本论文通过固相反应分别以多壁碳纳米管(MCNTs)、单壁碳纳米管(SWNTs)、锐钛矿型纳米TiO2和金红石型纳米TiO2作为无机相,聚苯胺为有机相,制备了一系列PANI/无机纳米复合物。通过红外光谱(FTIR)、紫外-可见光谱(UV-vis)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、热重分析(TGA)、循环伏安法(CV)、恒电流充放电以及交流阻抗(EIS)等测试手段对复合物的结构、形貌和电化学性能进行了表征和测试,并且探讨了无机纳米粒子的含量对复合物结构与性能的影响。具体研究内容如下:1.通过固相反应制备了PANI/MCNTs复合物,其中MCNTs含量分别为8wt%、16wt%、24wt%和32wt%。结果表明,固相合成中MCNTs使复合物表现出比PANI较高的氧化程度、掺杂率以及导电率,而且MCNTs的含量对其形貌有一定的影响。当MCNTs含量为16wt%时,复合物表现出相对较高的比电容,即在1M H2SO4和1M KCl中的最大比电容分别可达522Fg-1和425Fg-1。2.通过固相反应制备了PANI/SWNTs复合物,其中SWNTs含量分别为8wt%、16wt%、24wt%和32wt%。结果表明,复合物表现出比PANI较高的氧化程度、掺杂率以及导电率。当电流密度由5mAcm-2增至20mAcm-2时,SWNTs含量为8wt%的复合物具有较高的比电容和电化学稳定性,在酸性和中性溶液中电容保持率分别为94%和80%。3.通过固相反应制备了PANI/Anatase-TiO2复合物,其中Anatase-TiO2含量分别为6.2wt%、12.8wt%、17.6wt%和24.1wt%。结果表明,复合物表现出比PANI较高的氧化程度和掺杂率。各不同比例的Anatase-TiO2复合物均表现出200nm左右的颗粒状形貌。充放电测试结果表明,Anatase-TiO2含量为6.2wt%的复合物具有较高的比电容,可达到523Fg-1,表现出较理想的电容行为。4.通过固相反应制备了PANI/Rutile-TiO2复合物,其中rutile-TiO2含量分别为6.2wt%、12.8wt%、17.6wt%和24.1wt%。结果表明,复合物中的PANI分子链具有较高的氧化程度和热稳定性,而且Rutile-TiO2阻碍聚苯胺的结晶性。电化学测试结果表明,当加入适当量的R-TiO2可以提高复合物电极的比电容。
论文目录
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