基于语料库的中国英语学习者的口语话语本族语化研究：情态动词个案研究

论文摘要

在中国外语教学与改革取得辉煌成就的大背景下,为了进一步深化中国外语教学改革,我们无疑应将我们的焦点集中在中国外语学习者尤其是英语学习者在所学外语方面的不足之处。在中国,英语只能作为一门外语来学习,基本不存在自然习得英语作为外语(相对于汉语或其它少数民族语言而言)的大环境,更不存在学习英语的本族语环境,而且汉语和英语属于不同语系,所以中国英语学习者必然在许多方面有自己独特的一面。目前中国外语界普遍认识到中国英语学习者在听力方面尤其是口语方面存在严重不足,曾有“聋哑英语”这一虽然形象但却言过其词的说法,极大地阻碍了交际的顺利进行,成为外语学习突破的瓶颈。本文运用母语迁移理论,通过对中国学生英语口语语料、国际英语语料库的口语语料以及英语本族语口语语料进行三级语料对比分析(CA)或中继语对比分析(CIA),以从情态性、虚拟式和时态方面对中国英语作为外语的学习者的口语状况进行较为系统的定量和定性分析,从一个侧面透视中国外语口语教学的成效,所取得的成就和存在的不足,进而确定中国英语作为外语学习者的本族语化程度,并提出中国英语口语教学在该方面应努力的方向。本文所涉及的语料库包括《中国学生英语口笔语语料库》(Spoken and Written English Corpus ofChinese Learners)中的口语部分,《国际英语语料库》(The International Corpus of English,亦即ICE)的二语语料库的分语料库(包括香港、印度、菲律宾、新加坡以及东非的分语料库),和基本属于英语本族语语料库的《苏格兰语料库》(Scottish Corpus),《英国国家语料库》(The British National Corpus亦即BNC)以及《密歇根学术英语口语语料库》(MichiganCorpus of Academic Snoken English亦即MICASE):本文所采用的语料处理工具为词匠(WordSmith Tools)5.0和NOOJ 2.0,数据处理工具为EXEL电子表格,分析统计工具为SPSS社会学统计软件等。本文的主要创新点为首次采用三类口语语料进行中继语对比分析(CIA)来确定中国英语学习者在情态性方面的本族语化程度,使本族语化这一概念建立在科学的基础之上:首次以独特的视角将情态动词和时态、虚拟式相结合来系统研究情态动词will,shall,would和should;通过科学方法建立起子系统的重要性梯阶从而为外语教学和学习提供重要指导。本研究的主要发现为中国英语学习者在讲话中过少地使用will,would,shall和should;他们在使用相关情态词和语块时往往表现出笔语倾向:他们在使用肯定形式,缩写形式和使用带would和should的过去将来时和本族语者表现出显著不同;他们使用should时倾向于用作单义实词而非多义功能词;他们过少地使用be going to结构;他们过少地使用虚拟式,并在大多数if从句前置方面表现出汉语思维迁移的倾向。

论文目录

• List of Tables
• List of Abbreviations
• Abstract
• 摘要
• Chapter One Introduction
• 1.1 Orientation of the Study
• 1.2 Context of Problems
• 1.3 Structure of the Dissertation
• Chapter Two Literature Review
• 2.1 Related Term
• 2.1.1 Defining Nativelikeness
• 2.1.2 The Definitions of Transfer
• 2.2 Theoretical Foundations
• 2.2.1 The Cognitivist View of Transfer
• 2.2.1.1 The Context of the Establishment of Cognitivist View of Transfer
• 2.2.1.2 The Establishment of Cognivist View of Trarlsfer as the Theoretical Framework
• 2.2.2 Contrastive Interlanguage Analysis
• 2.3 The Studies on Transfer
• 2.3.1 The Categories of Transfer
• 2.3.2 The Manifestations of Transfer
• 2.3.3 The Factors Affecting L1 Transfer
• 2.4 The Studies on Modal Verbs
• 2.4.1 The Definitions of Modality
• 2.4.2 The Empirical Studies on Modal Verbs
• Chapter Three Methodology
• 3.1 Research Questions
• 3.2 Research Design
• 3.2.1 Data Selection
• 3.2.1.1 Data Selection from SECCL
• 3.2.1.2 Data Selection from ICE
• 3.2.1.3 Data Selection from Native Speakers' Corpora
• 3.2.2 The Grouping of Corpus Data
• 3.2.2.1 Design of the Quantitative Study
• 3.2.2.2 Design of the Qualitative Study
• 3.2.3 Problem-finding Procedure
• Chapter Four Analysis and Discussion
• 4.1 Establishment of the Nativelikeness Quotients at All Levels by Comparisons
• 4.1.1 The Overall Picture of will,would,shall and should
• 4.1.1.1 A Study on the Negatives concerning the Four Modals
• 4.1.1.2 A Study on the Affirmative Fotms conceming the Four Modals
• 4.1.1.3 A Study on the Contracted Forms concerning the Four Modals
• 4.1.1.4 A Study on the Original（Uncontracted）Forms concerning the Four Modals
• 4.1.1.5 A Study on Simple Present Future concerning will and shall
• 4.1.1.6 A Study on Past Future Tense concerning would and should
• 4.2 An Extended Study Fogcusing on Future Tenses
• 4.2.1 A Study on be going to Structure
• 4.2.2 A Study on be about to Structure
• 4.2.3 A Study on want* to,plan* to,hope* to,wish* to and mean* to
• 4.3 A Study on Subjunctive Mood and a Further Study on the Tenses concerning Would and should
• 4.3.1 A Study on Subjunctive Mood concerning would and should
• 4.3.2 A Study on the Tenses concerning would and should
• Chapter Five Conclusion
• 5.1 Major Findings
• 5.2 Pedagogical Implications
• 5.3 Limitations and Suggestions for Future Research
• Bibliography
• Acknowledgements
• Publications
• 学位论文评阅及答辩情况表