自主移动概念与英语自主移动句的生成与扩展

论文摘要

语言是人类最重要的交际工具,其基本功能在于传达意义。意义即概念。概念是人们认知世界的产物。它对一类事物和关系进行概括,从而反映一类事物和关系的本质。客观世界只有首先经过人们的认知加工,也就是概念化的过程,在人们的头脑中形成概念,才能进一步表现为外部的语言符号,包括词汇、句子等。移动概念是人们对移动事件概念化的结果,是人类最早的身体经验之一。移动概念表示的是某个移动主体在某一时间段内相对于另一物体沿一定路径发生位移。移动主体可以在外力作用下发生位移,即致使移动；移动主体也可以自发地发生位移,即自主移动。本文在认知语言学的理论框架内,运用原型范畴理论和概念隐喻理论,对自主移动概念和自主移动句式的生成与扩展进行了研究。自主移动概念来自于人们对客观世界中的自主移动事件的直接经验,是人们对自主移动事件进行范畴化和概念化的结果。自主移动概念包含三个概念成分：移动主体、移动行为、移动路径。这几个概念成分合起来构成自主移动概念的完型,表达一个共同的图示意义：移动主体在某一时间或空间范围内沿一定路径自主发生位移。自主移动概念是一个原型范畴,它有自己的原型和非原型,原型是物理性自主移动概念,非原型是非物理性自主移动概念。随着人类认知范围的扩大,自主移动概念由原型向非原型扩展,其扩展的动因是为了认知经济,扩展的认知机制是隐喻化。自主移动概念的概念成分都具有原型范畴特征：移动主体可以是人、物、事件或抽象概念,人是原型；移动行为有物理性移动行为和非物理性移动行为,物理性移动行为是原型；移动路径有物理性移动路径和非物理性移动路径,物理性移动路径是原型。自主移动句是表达自主移动概念的句式。英语自主移动句是自主移动概念在英语中的表征形式,由自主移动概念通过隐喻投射而生成。自主移动概念中的概念成分在英语中各有自己的句法表征形式：移动主体表征为主语；移动行为和移动路径有分体表征和合体表征两种形式,分体表征时移动行为表征为谓语,移动路径表征为状语；合体表征时移动行为和移动路径一起表征为谓语,移动的始源地或终点表征为宾语。据此自主移动概念在英语中生成“主语+谓语移动+状语”和“主语+谓语移动+宾语”两种移动句。随着自主移动概念由原型向非原型扩展,英语中的自主移动句也由原型向非原型扩展。原型自主移动句与非原型自主移动句句法形式相同,但它们表达不同的概念,并因此具有不同的句法特征。原型自主移动句表达物理性自主移动概念,非原型自主移动句表达非物理性自主移动概念。原型自主移动句的谓语动词是表达物理性自主移动的动词,非原型自主移动句的谓语动词则是表达非物理性的自主移动的动词。原型自主移动句可以有表示移动者目的的状语,非原型自主移动句则没有。原型自主移动句的动词可以用于进行体,非原型自主移动句的动词则通常不用于进行体。

论文目录

• Abstract
• 摘要
• Introduction
• 0.1 Background of the Present Study
• 0.2 Objectives of the Present Study
• 0.3 Layout of This Thesis
• Chapter 1 Literature Review
• 1.1 Researches on Motion Carried out Abroad
• 1.2 Researches on Motion Carried out at Home
• 1.3 Comments on the Previous Studies
• Chapter 2 Theoretical Foundations
• 2.1 Prototype Theory
• 2.2 Metaphor Theory
• 2.3 Summary
• Chapter 3 Generation and Expansion of the Self-Motion Concept
• 3.1 Generation of the Self-Motion Concept
• 3.1.1 Experiential Basis of the Self-Motion Concept
• 3.1.2 The Self-Motion Concept
• 3.1.3 Componential Elements of the Self-Motion Concept
• 3.2 Expansion of the Self-Motion Concept
• 3.2.1 Prototypes of the Self-Motion Concept
• 3.2.1.1 Prototype of the Self-Motion Concept as a Whole
• 3.2.1.2 Prototypes of the Conceptual Elements of the Self-Motion Concept
• 3.2.2 Non-prototypes of the Self-Motion Concept
• 3.2.2.1 Non-prototype of the Self-Motion Concept as a Whole
• 3.2.2.2 Non-prototypes of the Conceptual Elements of the Self-Motion Concept
• 3.2.3 Process, Motivation and Mechanisms of the Expansion
• 3.2.3.1 Process of the Expansion of the Self-motion Concept
• 3.2.3.2 Motivation of the Expansion of the Self-motion Concept
• 3.2.3.3 Mechanisms of the Expansion of the Self-motion Concept
• 3.3 Summary
• Chapter 4 Generation and Expansion of the Self-Motion Sentence in English
• 4.1 Generation of the Self-Motion Sentence in English
• 4.1.1 Linguistic Representation of the Conceptual Elements of the Self-Motion Concept
• 4.1.2 The Self-Motion Sentence in English
• 4.2 Expansion of the Self-Motion Sentence in English
• 4.2.1 Prototypes of the Self-Motion Sentence in English and Their Syntactic Features
• 4.2.2 Non-prototypes of the Self-Motion Sentence in English and Their Syntactic Features
• 4.3 The Processes of the Expansion of the Self-Motion Sentence in English
• 4.4 Summary
• Conclusion
• 1. Work Done in the Thesis
• 2. Major Findings of the Thesis
• 3. Limitations of the Thesis
• Bibliography
• Acknowledgements