自然语义元语言论对汉语“好”和英语“Good”的语料库研究

论文摘要

数百年来,人们试图通过各种手段来定义好与坏。在不同的语言文化背景下,许多的学者和专家们都在锲而不舍地对好与坏进行着深入全面的语义对比研究和文化价值讨论。在涌现出的众多语义学研究理论中,自然语义元语言理论以独特的研究视角,从自然元语言的角度,在充分考虑不同语言文化背景的基础上,将“GOOD”(汉语里翻译为“好”(读作hao))进一步细分定义为语义基元,并进一步进行了深入浅出的语义论证。这篇论文试图从自然元语言的角度出发,在建立类比语料库的基础上,充分考虑不同语言的文化背景,对自然语义元语言理论提出的语义基元中的“好”这个语义基元的中英文语义对比研究论证。在相关专业统计计算的电脑软件帮助下,参照中英文的著名字典,对“好”和“good”在语料库中出现的所有案例进行细致的语义分析和比较。在排除了所有无效的案例之后,对其有效的频率数据进行相关性的计算和讨论。同时对其语境搭配做出分类归纳和总结。论文从语义学、统计学、案例分析学以及数学的综合视角出发,在语料库的范围内证明了英文语义基元“good”和中文语义基元“好”存在极大的相关性。同时也为自然语义元语言理论提出的在全世界范围内的各种语系里都应当存在着六十个左右的语义基元的设想提供了实验论证支持和科学数据资料。

论文目录

• ABSTRACT
• 摘要
• List of Tables and Figures
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Theoretical Background
• 2.1 Natural Semantic Metalanguage
• 2.1.1 Brief Introduction to the NSM Approach
• 2.1.2 Evolution of NSM
• 2.1.3 The Major Principles of NSM Approach
• 2.1.4 Semantic Explications
• 2.1.5 Cultural Scripts
• 2.2 Universal Basic Minimal Concepts of NSM—Semantic Primitives （or Primes）
• 2.2.1 Historical and Present Conditions of Semantic Primes Analyses
• 2.2.2 Ideology and Techniques of Semantic Primes Analyses
• 2.3 Corpus-Based Methods in Language Studies
• 2.3.1 Elementary Features of Corpora for Language Studies
• 2.3.2 Classification of the Corpus
• 2.3.3 Basic Principles of Building up Corpora for Language Studies
• 2.3.4 Lexical Collocations in Corpus-Based Study
• 3 Methodology
• 3.1 Constitution of the Comparable Corpus
• 3.1.1 Principles of Building up Comparable Corpus
• 3.1.2 Structure of the Comparable Corpus
• 3.1.3 Dimensions and Contents of the Comparable Corpus
• 3.2 Frequencies and Correlations Analyses
• 3.2.1 Tools for Analyses
• 3.2.2 Frequency Analysis
• 3.2.3 Statistical Techniques
• 3.2.4 A Chi-Square Test
• 3.2.5 Pearson's Chi-Square Test
• 4 Corpus Study on "Good" in English and "Hao" in Chinese
• 4.1 Raw Frequencies of "Good" and "Hao"
• 4.2 Procedure of Semantic Analyses of "Good" in the Corpus
• 4.2.1 Explanations of "Good" from Well-Known English Dictionaries
• 4.2.2 Semantic Analyses and Lexical Collocations of "Good"
• 4.2.3 Some Interesting Cases of the Primitive "Good" in the Corpus
• 4.2.4 Comparison of Valid Frequencies and Invalid Frequencies of "Good"
• 4.3 Procedure of Semantic Analyses of "Hao" in the Corpus
• 4.3.1 Explanations of "Hao" from Weil-Known English Dictionaries
• 4.3.2 Semantic Analyses and Lexical Collocations of "Hao"
• 4.3.3 Comparison of Valid Frequencies and Raw Frequencies of "Hao" in Each File of the Chinese Corpus
• 4.4 Statistical Hypothesis Test of Valid Frequencies of "Good" and "Hao"
• 4.5 Discussion on Results of Statistical Hypothesis Test
• 5 Conclusion
• 5.1 Limitation of the Study
• 5.2 Difficulties Expected and Suggestions for Future Research
• Reference
• The Appendix
• Acknowledgements