A Contrastive Study of Conceptual Metaphors in English and Chinese Idioms

论文摘要

当今隐喻已从传统修辞学的研究逐渐成为众多学科,如语言学、哲学、心理学、认知科学、翻译学、及外语教学等的研究对象。从不同角度对隐喻的研究说明人们越来越深刻地意识到隐喻在人类认知和社会活动中不可低估的作用。以往人们大多是从修辞学和语义学的角度来研究隐喻,如亚里士多德、理查兹和布莱克。自从1980年莱考夫(Lakoff)和约翰逊(Johnson)出版《我们赖以生存的隐喻》(Metaphors We LiveBy)一书后,人们普遍认识到,隐喻不仅仅是一种语言现象,更是一种认知现象。莱考夫(Lakoff)和约翰逊(Johnson)提出的概念隐喻理论被定义为人们构建认知域和理解抽象概念的基本机制。而概念域(conceptual domains)之间的认知映射(cognitive mapping)构成了这一理论的核心,即概念隐喻可以理解为从一个具体语域“源域”(source domain)向另一个抽象语域“目的域”(target domain)的映射。根据莱考夫(Lakoff)和约翰逊(Johnson)的概念隐喻理论,隐喻认知可分为本体隐喻(ontological metaphor)、方位隐喻(orientational metaphor)、结构隐喻(structuralmetaphor)。本文将从本体隐喻、方位隐喻、结构隐喻三方面举例证明英汉习语中存在着大量概念隐喻特征,同时对英汉习语采用相同和不同源域进行了对比分析,探究造成英汉习语概念隐喻相同和不同的原因,进而探索有效促进习语教学的方法。本文共六章。第一章阐述了研究动机、目的、和论文的结构。第二章从概念上分析了英汉习语,并介绍了隐喻的研究状况,以及概念隐喻理论及其运行机制。第三章是本文的重点。本章从与人类密切相关的人体、空间、情感、时间的英汉习语出发,举例分析本体隐喻、方位隐喻、结构隐喻在英汉习语中的广泛存在,并对英汉习语采用相同和不同源域进行了对比分析。第四章剖析了造成英汉习语概念隐喻相同和不同的原因。第五章提出了促进习语教学的方法。最后一章总结全文并提出结论,英汉习语的隐喻研究有助于我们对语言民族文化和文学进行全面了解,同时也有助于英语语言教学。

论文目录

• 摘要
• Abstract
• Contents
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• 1.1 Motivation of the Research
• 1.2 Purpose of the Research
• 1.3 Organization of the Thesis
• Chapter 2 Literature Review
• 2.1 Definition of Idioms
• 2.2.Previous View and Cognitive Linguistic View of Metaphor
• 2.2.1.Studies abroad
• 2.2.1.1 Comparison Theory
• 2.2.1.2 Interaction Theory
• 2.2.1.3 Speech-act Theory
• 2.2.1.4 Conceptual Metaphor Theory
• 2.2.2 Studies at home
• 2.3 Conceptual Metaphor
• 2.3.1 Conceptual Metaphor Theory
• 2.3.2 The Working Mechanism of Conceptual Metaphors
• 2.3.3 The Cognitive Motivation for the Meaning of Idioms
• 2.3.4 Metaphor and Idioms
• Chapter 3 Conceptual Metaphors in English and Chinese Idioms Interpretation
• 3.1 Conceptual Metaphors in English and Chinese Idioms Interpretation
• 3.1.1 Orientational Metaphors in English and Chinese Idioms Interpretation
• 3.1.1.1 The Expressions of"happiness" and "sadness" in English and Chinese Idioms
• 3.1.1.2 The Expressions of"front" and "back" in English and Chinese Idioms
• 3.1.2 Ontological Metaphors in English and Chinese Idioms Interpretation
• 3.1.2.1 The Expressions of"finger" and "palm" in English and Chinese Idioms
• 3.1.2.2 The Expressions of "anger" in English and Chinese Idioms
• 3.1.3 Structural Metaphors in English and Chinese Idioms Interpretation
• 3.1.3.1 The Expressions of"time" in English and Chinese Idioms
• 3.1.3.2 The Expressions of"love" in English and Chinese Idioms
• 3.2 Summary
• Chapter 4 Factors that Influence English and Chinese Idioms
• 4.1 Factors that Cause the Similarities in English and Chinese Idioms
• 4.1.1 The Same Material World
• 4.1.2 The Same Biological Structure
• 4.2 Factors that Cause the Differences in English and Chinese Idioms
• 4.2.1 Differences in Living Environments
• 4.2.2 Differences in History and Literal Works
• 4.2.3 Differences in Religious Belief
• 4.2.4 Differences in Modes of Thinking
• 4.2.5 Differences in Personalities
• 4.3 Summary
• Chapter 5 Methods for Idiom Teaching
• 5.1 Teaching Metaphor
• 5.2 Teaching Metaphorically
• 5.3 Summary
• Chapter 6 Conclusion
• Bibliography
• Acknowledgements