美国情景喜剧《成长的烦恼》中的言语幽默的产生及其汉译 ——一个语用学的角度

论文摘要

幽默在生活实践中起着举足轻重的作用,它能调节社会关系,愉悦人们的心情,丰富人们的生活方式,展现个人的智慧等等。虽然西方对幽默的研究源远流长,但主要都是从社会学,心理学或者认知心理学角度对幽默进行分析。其中主要理论有：社会行为角度的优越/蔑视论,心理分析角度的释放论,心理认知角度的乖讹论。情景喜剧是一种以现实生活为原型的幽默剧,它的基本要素和终极目标是逗乐观众。当今,情景喜剧已成为一种成熟的喜剧文学体裁,并成为世界主流电视娱乐的主要形式之一。在中国最受欢迎的美国情景喜剧之一当属《成长的烦恼》,以慈爱父母和性格迥异的可爱小孩构成的家庭为背景。本文以格莱斯的合作原则和里奇的礼貌原则为理论框架,对情景喜剧《成长的烦恼》中的言语幽默的潜在制笑机制进行了尝试性研究。在对众多语料进行定性分析的基础上,本研究发现对合作原则和礼貌原则的中原则的违反导致了大量幽默的生成。此外本文还论述了由言语行为理论分析得出的英语幽默言语。赛尔把言外行为分为五类：阐述类,指令类,承诺类,表达类,和宣告类。本文根据赛尔的五类划分对《成长的烦恼》中所涉及到的有关言语行为理论的幽默实例进行了阐述,发现言语行为不仅可以以言行事,还可以以言逗乐。本文还运用语用学的相关理论结合《成长的烦恼》的台词汉译来分析译者如何达到对话翻译的语用对等。作者提出运用语用学的相关理论：合作原则和会话含义来分析情景喜剧的幽默对话翻译,探讨译者如何推断出原文的预期隐含意图并使其在目标语中再现以达到最终语用对等的目标。在这个过程中,作者也对影响译者实现语用对等的因素结合实例进行了讨论。

论文目录

• 摘要
• Abstract
• Chapter One Introduction
• 1.1 An Introduction to Humor
• 1.1.1 Definitions and Types of Humor
• 1.1.2 The functions of linguistic humor
• 1.2 An Introduction to Sitcom
• 1.3 Research Objectives and Specific Research Questions
• 1.4 Research Methodology
• 1.5 Data Description and Data Collection
• 1.6 Organization of the Thesis
• Chapter Two Pragmatics and Studies of Humor and Humor Translation
• 2.1 Pragmatics
• 2.1.1 Understanding Pragmatics
• 2.1.2 Speech Act Theory
• 2.1.3 Cooperative Principle and Conversational Implicature
• 2.1.4 Politeness Principle
• 2.2 Studies of Humor
• 2.2.1 Studies of Humor in the West
• 2.2.1.1 Three Basic Conversational Theories on Humor
• 2.2.1.2 A Survey of Modern Linguistic Theories on Humor
• 2.2.2 Studies of Humor in China
• 2.2.3 Previous Study of Growing Pains
• 2.3 A Brief Review of Humor Translation
• Chapter Three Pragmatic Apparatuses for the Verbal Humors inGrowing Pains
• 3.1 The Cooperative Principle and Humor
• 3.1.1 Humor Created by Violating maxim of Quantity
• 3.1.2 Humor created by violating maxim of quality
• 3.1.2.1 Use of Meiosis
• 3.1.2.2 Use of Hyperbole
• 3.1.3 Humor created by violating maxim of Relation
• 3.1.4 Humor Created by Violating maxim of Manner
• 3.1.4.1 Use of Euphemism
• 3.1.4.2 Use of Paradox
• 3.2 Conversational Humor Generated by Politeness Principle in Growing Pains
• 3.2.1 Humor Created by Observing the Politeness Principle
• 3.2.2 Humor Created by Violating the Politeness Principle
• 3.3. Speech Act Theory and Humor
• 3.3.1 Humor Created by the Speech Act—Representatives
• 3.3.2 Humor Created by the Speech Act—Directives
• 3.3.3 Humor Created by the Speech Act—Commissives
• 3.3.4 Humor Created by the Speech Act—Expressives
• 3.3.5 Humor Created by the Speech Act—Declarations
• 3.4 Summary
• Chapter Four Analysis of Translation of Humor Conversations inGrowing Pains
• 4.1 Pragmatics in the Translation of Verbal Humor
• 4.2 Translating Crafts Concerning Cooperative Principle and Conversational Implicature
• 4.2.1 Literal Translation
• 4.2.2 Adaptation
• 4.2.3 Annotation
• 4.2.4 Paraphrasing
• 4.3 Factors Influencing Translators' Achieving of Pragmatic Equivalence
• 4.3.1 Linguistic Factors
• 4.3.1.1 Meaning of Spoken Language
• 4.3.1.2 Meaning in Rhetorical Language
• 4.3.2 The Role of Culture
• 4.3.2.1 Cultural Meaning in Words and Phrases
• 4.3.2.2 Cultural Meaning in Alusions and Idioms
• 4.4 Summary
• Chapter Five Conclusion
• 5.1 Major Findings
• 5.2 Limitations
• 5.3 Suggestions for Future Studies
• Bibliography
• Acknowledgement