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虚拟语气表达方式的认知分析

2020-12-06阅读(606)

虚拟语气表达方式的认知分析

论文摘要

虚拟语气是表示可能发生的事件或者假设行为的语气,表示现在可能发生或者过去可能发生的事件。有关虚拟语气的争论主要集中在虚拟语气这一范畴是否存在,虚拟语气与祈使语气以及陈述语气之间的差异。国内外学者从不同角度对其作了相应研究并根据动词形式,时态以及语法功能,进行了不同的分类。本文根据虚拟条件的可实现性,将虚拟语气划分为两类:绝对虚拟以及相对虚拟。表示愿望以及与现实相反的绝对虚拟,其虚拟不存在实现的可能性。表示建议、请求和命令的相对虚拟,其虚拟条件存在较大的实现性。认知语言学是第二代认知科学,一方面从人的认知(即人们认识客观世界的方式)的角度观察和研究语言,另一方面通过观察语言现象,找出规律性的东西,分析语言反应的认知取向,从语言的各个层面探讨认知与语言的关系及其性质,说明语言是认知发展的产物。作为认知语言学中的一个重要研究课题,概念隐喻是具有系统性、影响力很强的理论,隐喻普遍存在于人类的语言中,是人们思维、行为和表达思想的一种系统方式,是人类用其某一领域的经验来说明或理解另一类领域经验的认知活动。从认知语言学角度看,虚拟语气反映的是表达内容与真实情况之间的距离,当所表达内容与真实情况距离较大时,动词的过去时态被采用,当距离较小时,动词的一般时态被采用。通过基于距离意象图式的隐喻映射,绝对虚拟中的过去时态表达了参照点和真实状态之间的关系,暗示了表达内容和现实情况之间的距离,从而表现了虚拟内容的非真实性与不可实现性。相对虚拟中的现在时态,基于其现联性,表达了一种确定性和真实性,从而表现了虚拟内容的可实现性。本文将尝试从概念隐喻的角度,运用意象图式,通过对虚拟语气进行重新分类,分析其背后的认知理据及映射过程,即过去时态的“距离性”,现在时态的“现联性”,探讨其真实性即距离与虚拟语气表现形式之间的关系。

论文目录

  • Acknowledgements
  • 摘要
  • Abstract
  • Figures
  • Chapter INTRODUCTION
  • 1.1 Statement of the Problem
  • 1.2 Purpose and Significance of the Study
  • 1.3 Structure of the Thesis
  • Chapter Ⅱ LITERATURE REVIEW
  • 2.1 Traditional Views on Mood and Tense
  • 2.1.1 Traditional Views on Mood
  • 2.1.2 Traditional views on Tense
  • 2.1.3 Cognitive View on Tense
  • 2.2 Definition of Subjunctive Mood
  • 2.3 Miscellaneous Scholarly Opinions
  • 2.3.1 The School of Negative
  • 2.3.2 The School of Neutrality
  • 2.3.3 The School of Positive
  • 2.4 The Classifications of Subjunctive Mood
  • 2.4.1 Classifications Based on the Verb Forms
  • 2.4.2 Classifications Based on Tense
  • 2.4.3 Classifications Based on the Grammatical Functions
  • Chapter Ⅲ THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY
  • 3.1 Brief Introduction of Cognitive Linguistics
  • 3.2 Studies on the Conceptual Metaphor
  • 3.2.1 Classical Views on Metaphor
  • 3.2.2 The Contemporary Views of Metaphor
  • 3.2.3 Definition of Conceptual Metaphor
  • 3.2.4 Metaphorical Mapping
  • 3.2.5 Image Schema
  • Chapter Ⅳ COGNITIVE ANALYSIS OF SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
  • 4.1 Present Classification of Subjunctive Mood
  • 4.1.1 The Absolute Subjunctive
  • 4.1.2 The Relative Subjunctive
  • 4.1.4 Summary
  • 4.2 Metaphorical Mapping from Space to Time to Tense
  • 4.3 Absolute Subjunctive Mood
  • 4.3.1 The Original Use of the Past Tense
  • 4.3.2 Metaphorical Extensions of the Past Tense
  • 4.3.3 Summary
  • 4.4 Relative Subjunctive
  • 4.4.1 Definition of the Present Tense
  • 4.4.2 Nature of the Present Tense
  • 4.4.3 The Original Use of the Present Tense
  • 4.4.4 Present tense in Relative Subjunctive
  • 4.4.5 Summary
  • Chapter Ⅴ CONCLUSION
  • Work Cited
  • Appendix

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