批评性隐喻分析 ——以布什反恐演讲为例

论文摘要

《我们赖以生存的隐喻》（Lakoff & Johnson,1980）一书的发表标志着隐喻研究进入认知科学时代。认知方法的介入拓宽了隐喻研究的范围。近20年来,前辈学者已经成功地在修辞、词汇、句法以及篇章层面作了许多跨学科的研究。不仅如此,隐喻研究的语料范围也不局限于原来的文学语篇,而是扩展到了新闻、经济和政治等语篇。在Lakoff与其同伴（1980;1993;1999;2002）的开创性工作的推动下,政治语篇中的隐喻研究成了新世纪的热门话题。国内研究也越来越注意到政治语篇中的隐喻问题,但是多数只停留在鉴定并罗列语篇中出现的隐喻,而忽视了对隐喻在政治语篇中的意识形态构建和权力合法化等方面的作用的挖掘。鉴于这一点,本文借用Charteris-Black （2004, 2005）的批评性隐喻分析法,以布什反恐演讲为语料,探讨隐喻的意识形态功能。通过鉴定、分析和解释语料中的隐喻,本文总结了隐喻的三个意识形态功能:树立统治者的正义之气,激发听众情感,以及解释统治理念和政策。由此,本文证明了批评性隐喻分析是提高我们对政治语言的意识的有效工具。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• Abstract
• 摘要
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• 1.1 Preliminaries
• 1.2 Purposes of the thesis
• 1.3 Method adopted in this study
• 1.4 Organization of the thesis
• Chapter 2 An Overview of Major Theories of Metaphor
• 2.1 Traditional metaphorical theories
• 2.1.1 Comparison theory and substitution theory
• 2.1.2 Interaction theory
• 2.2 Conceptual metaphor theory
• 2.3 Summary
• Chapter 3 Theoretical basis: Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Metaphor in Politic
• 3.1 Conceptual metaphor theory
• 3.1.1 The experiential basis of metaphor
• 3.1.2 Highlighting and hiding
• 3.1.3 “Conceptual metaphor”and “metaphorical expression”
• 3.1.4 Characteristics of conceptual metaphor
• 3.1.4.1 Systematicity
• 3.1.4.2 Creativity
• 3.2 Metaphor and politics
• 3.2.1 Metaphor and ideology
• 3.2.2 Metaphor in political argumentation
• 3.2.3 Critical metaphor analysis and cognitive semantics
• 3.3 Summary
• Chapter 4 Critical Metaphor Analysis of Bush’s Speeches on Terrorism
• 4.1 The WAR ON TERROR metaphor
• 4.2 Moral accounting metaphor
• 4.3 The STRICT FATHER metaphor
• 4.3.1 GOVERNMENT IS A STRICT FATHER
• 4.3.2 AMERICANS ARE BROTHERS AND SISTERS
• 4.3.3 MILITARY IS SAFETY GUARD
• 4.3.4 GOD STANDS WITH US
• 4.4 Personifications
• 4.4.1 NATION IS A PERSON
• 4.4.2 THE WORLD IS A PERSON
• 4.4.3 HISTORY IS A PERSON
• 4.4.4 TERRORISTS ARE ANIMALS
• 4.5 JOURNEY metaphor
• 4.6 Summary
• 4.6.1 A summary of metaphors in Bush’s speeches on terrorism
• 4.6.2 Ideological functions of metaphor
• 4.6.2.1 Establishing the politician’s ethos
• 4.6.2.2 Heightening the pathos
• 4.6.2.3 Explaining the logos
• Chapter 5 Conclusion
• 5.1 Summary and discussion of the study
• 5.2 Limitations and suggestions for further study
• Appendix
• Bibliography