隐喻：通向未知域的桥梁

论文摘要

本文在前人研究的基础上,从隐喻作为桥梁架构从已知域通向未知域的通道作用方面,阐述了其建构的必要性、可能性及其过程。文章先是回顾了从认知角度对隐喻研究的几个重要理论,然后在分析了隐喻构成的前提即必要性和可能性基础上,提出隐喻建构的过程。接着从隐喻的桥梁角度,阐述了对隐喻的识别和理解。最后用理论联系实际论述了隐喻的应用及其在科学发展中的所起的推动作用。其实,隐喻之桥梁功能的提法自古就有。隐喻的希腊语词源就是从一边到另一边传递的意思。在古阿拉伯语中,也有“隐喻是通向现实的桥梁”的说法。而古希腊哲学家亚里士多德在强调隐喻的教育价值时认为:隐喻告诉我们先前所不知道的事情。1945年伯克(Burke K.)提出:隐喻是通过彼物认识此物的方式。最近的学者比如加塞姆扎德(Ghassemzadeh,Habibollah)认为,隐喻作为桥梁,延展了意义的范围,将我们从熟知带到陌生,不仅在交际中,而且在理论的创造和知识的建构中都起着重要作用。由此观之,隐喻作为桥梁架构从已知到未知的通道功能对哲学家和语言学家来说并不陌生。但问题在于,如是表述只是在相关文章中略微提及或一笔带过,

论文目录

• Introduction
• Chapter Ⅰ Historical Overview of Cognitive Study of Metaphor
• 1.1 Introduction
• 1.2 Interaction View
• 1.3 Structure-mapping and Conceptual Metaphor
• 1.4 Summary
• Chapter Ⅱ How Metaphor Plays the Role of a Bridge
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Necessity of Building Bridges
• 2.2.1 The Hypothesis of Inadequate Thinking
• 2.2.2 The Hypothesis of Language Impoverishment
• 2.2.3 Association and Economy
• 2.3 Possibility of Building Bridges
• 2.3.1 Similarities between Domains
• 2.3.2 Human Creativity
• 2.3.3 Theory of Semantic Conflict
• 2.4 Construction of the Bridge
• 2.4.1 Ortony Hypothesis
• 2.4.2 Many-space Theory
• 2.4.3 Principles of Mappability
• 2.4.4 The Construction of Metaphor
• 2.4.5 Summary
• Chapter Ⅲ Identification and Comprehension of Metaphors
• 3.1 The Identification of Metaphors
• 3.2 The Comprehension of Metaphors
• 3.2.1 Pragmatic Theory in the Interpretation of Metaphors
• 3.2.2 Implications beyond Literal Meaning
• 3.2.3 Knowledge Sources in the Comprehension of Metaphors
• 3.2.4 Cultural Inheritance in Metaphors
• 3.2.5 Summary
• Chapter Ⅳ Significance and Application of Metaphors
• 4.1 Metaphor in human Science
• 4.2 Metaphor in Scientific Exploration
• 4.2.1 The Four Functions of Metaphor
• 4.2.2 The Formation of Black Holes
• 4.3 Summary
• Conclusion
• Bibliography