《老友记》中话语标记语you know的语用研究

论文摘要

话语标记语（discourse markers）,例如英语中的well, oh, you know, you see, I mean, that is to say, in other words, as I said和汉语中“你知道”、“大家知道”、“笔者的意思是”、“也就是说”等是一种十分常见的话语成分。话语标记语的存在与否并不影响话语的命题内容,而主要是从整体上对话语的构建与理解产生影响,因此对话语标记语的研究有着重要的理论意义和实际意义。二十世纪七十年代,随着语用学和话语分析等学科的确立和发展,众多语言学家开始了对话语标记语的研究,先后出现了Van Dijk （1979）, Levinson （1983）, Zwicky （1985）, Schiffrin （1987）, Redeker （1991）, Blakemore （1987,1992）, Fraser （1997）等。他们主要从三种视角对话语标记语进行了研究：连贯视角,句法-语用视角和语用-认知视角。基于前人的研究,本文从关联理论的角度对《老友记》（第十季）中的话语标记语you know的语用功能进行了分析,并对含有you know的预制结构及其语用功能作了简要介绍。研究表明,《老友记》（第十季）中的话语标记语you know主要具有五种语用功能,即提醒标记语、修正标记语、延时标记语、引出新信息标记语和等待答复标记语。此外,预制结构中的话语标记语you know主要用来引起听话者的注意力、继续原有话题或是进行话题转换等。由此证明了,话语标记语不影响话语的真值意义,而具有多种语用功能,主要用来表明说话者的用意。

论文目录

• 中文摘要
• ABSTRACT
• Chapter One Introduction
• 1.1 Purpose and Significance
• 1.2 Research Methodology
• 1.3 Data Collection
• 1.4 Organization of the Thesis
• Chapter Two Literature Review
• 2.1 Definition of DMs
• 2.2 Previous Studies of DMs
• 2.2.1 Studies Abroad
• 2.2.2 Studies in China
• 2.3 Previous Studies of You Know
• 2.3.1 Schiffrin's View
• 2.3.2 Erman's View
• 2.3.3 Jucker and Smith's View
• 2.3.4 Ran Yongping's View
• 2.4 Summary
• Chapter Three Theoretical Foundation
• 3.1 Relevance Theory
• 3.1.1 Cognitive Environment and Mutual Manifestness
• 3.1.2 Ostensive-inferential Communication
• 3.1.3 Context
• 3.1.4 The Principle of Relevance
• 3.2 Summary
• Chapter Four A Pragmatic Study of the DM You Know in Friends
• 4.1 A Relevance-theoretical Account of DMs
• 4.1.1 Cognitive Motivation
• 4.1.2 Explicature and Implicature
• 4.1.3 Conceptual Meaning and Procedural Meaning
• 4.1.4 Contextual Effects
• 4.2 An Introduction to Friends
• 4.3 Five Distinct Functions of the DM You Know
• 4.3.1 You Know as a Reminding Marker
• 4.3.2 You Know as a Repairing Marker
• 4.3.3 You Know as a Stalling Marker
• 4.3.4 You Know as a Introducing-new-information Marker
• 4.3.5 You Know as a Waiting-response Marker
• 4.4 You Know in Larger Prefabricated Structures
• 4.5 Summary
• Chapter Five Conclusion
• 5.1 Findings
• 5.2 Limitations of the Study
• 5.3 Prospect for Further Study
• References
• Acknowledgement