本文主要研究内容
作者朱志高（2019）在《超选择润湿性膜界面的构筑及含油高盐废水处理研究》一文中研究指出：含油高盐废水因油含量高和盐浓度大致使其处理困难。膜法水处理技术广泛应用于含油高盐废水处理,但纯水的回收率仅为50-60%且较大的操作压力致使膜污染严重。相比于高压驱动的膜分离技术,超选择润湿性膜可在重力/低压下实现含油高盐废水中油与盐水的分离以及在一定温差下实现盐与水的高效分离,即油/盐水分离和膜蒸馏脱盐两步工艺。但分离膜在除油和脱盐过程中膜的稳定性、耐污染特性以及耐润湿特性是分离膜稳定运行的关键。本文从自然界生物体如荷叶（超疏水）、鱼鳞（耐油污）、贻贝（高粘附性）等受到启发,以静电纺丝技术制备高孔隙率和低曲折度纤维膜为基础,并结合仿生和表面改性技术制备了具有不同润湿特性的三维通孔纤维膜,通过两步膜分离工艺,实现了含油高盐废水处理过程中膜的耐污染和耐润湿特性的集成并保证膜的高通量和高分离效率。目前所取得的研究成果如下:针对含油高盐废水中油性物质的物理特性不同,首先设计了两种不同润湿特性的纤维膜以对含油高盐废水中的油与盐水进行分离处理。在本实验中,以具有热稳定性和耐酸碱稳定性的芳砜纶（PSA）为基材,通过调节纺丝液中PSA和聚丙烯腈（PAN）的质量比和浓度等,制备了直径均一、孔径分布窄、力学强度高的超细PSA/PAN复合纤维膜。通过原位冷冻扫描电镜分析乳液成份,明析高强度PSA/PAN纤维成型机理。同时根据后期分离过程中所需复合纤维膜表面润湿特性的不同,利用水热法在PSA/PAN纤维表面构造微纳米多级粗糙结构并选择性地接枝低表面能疏水剂,实现了超疏水/超亲油（疏水角156°/亲油角0°）和超亲水/水下超疏油（亲水角0°/水下疏油角155°）PSA/PAN复合纤维膜的制备并对含油高盐废水中不同物理特性的油与盐水进行高效分离。其对亲水性有机物强化的油包水型乳化物和水包油型乳化物的分离通量分别达7300 L m-2h-1和3200 L m-2h-1且分离效率在99.90%左右。超选择润湿性纤维膜处理后的高盐废水中的油含量一般在几到几十毫克每升之间。在膜蒸馏脱盐过程中,由于水下强烈的疏水-疏水相互作用,盐水中残留的油性物质势必会对疏水膜造成污染。为了解决上述问题,采用静电纺丝与静电喷雾技术制备了具有超亲水耐油污保护层复合纤维蒸馏膜。该膜以疏水聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）纤维膜为蒸馏基膜,然后在疏水基膜表面喷涂一层微纳米结构的二氧化硅@聚偏氟乙烯/聚苯乙烯（SiO2@PVDF-HFP/PS）超疏水层以提高蒸馏膜的稳定性能,该超疏水层的水接触角为164°。最后,在超疏水蒸馏膜表面喷涂一层超亲水耐油污保护层,该超亲水保护层在水下展现了优异的超疏油特性（水下油接触角为166°）;在直接接触式膜蒸馏运行过程中,具有超亲水耐油污保护层的复合纤维蒸馏膜在处理含油高盐废水时,其不仅展现了优异的跨膜通量(28 L m-2h-1),而且还具有较高的分离效率（100%）和热稳定性。含油高盐废水中除了含有油性物质以外,往往还含有少量的亲水性有机污染物。由于亲水性有机污染物的表面能比疏水性蒸馏膜的表面能要低得多,亲水性有机污染物会附着于疏水蒸馏膜的表面而使膜蒸馏失效。因此,制备同时具有耐污染和耐润湿特性的高通量蒸馏膜以面对复杂多变的含油高盐废水具有重要意义。首先,利用双重生物仿生技术实现了纤维膜表面微纳米多级结构的构筑并利用17链的氟硅烷（17-FAS）降低膜表面自由能,制备了具有耐润湿特性的多憎纤维膜,该膜对一切低表面张力物质均具有很好的排斥作用。在处理含有亲水性有机污染的含油高盐废水时,其展现了优异的耐润湿特性;其次,利用静电纺丝与静电喷雾技术实现了超亲水保护层与多憎纤维膜的耦合。通过调控纺丝液的组成和浓度等,制备了具有自粗糙结构的多憎PVDF纤维膜,在空气中该膜对水和油滴的接触角分别为159°和145°;随后利用静电喷雾技术制备了具有串珠结构的聚乙烯醇/聚丙烯酸（PVA/PAA）超亲水耐油污保护层;最后通过热处理技术实现了超亲水耐油污PVA/PAA保护层（水下油接触角为156°）与多憎PVDF纤维膜的耦合。该超亲水/多憎复合纤维蒸馏膜在处理复杂含油高盐废水时其水通量高达27 L m-2h-1且脱盐率接近100%。以上研究表明,以静电纺丝作为加工手段制备的低曲折度三维通孔纤维膜并结合生物仿生技术解决了含油高盐废水中油与盐水和盐与水的高效分离。同时,在膜蒸馏脱盐过程中,通过构筑超选择润湿性蒸馏膜界面实现了蒸馏膜通量、膜润湿和膜污染难以协调的技术难题。在接下来的研究过程中可进一步优化膜的物理性质,如膜孔结构,膜厚度等进一步实现结构和性能于一体化的复合纤维蒸馏膜。
Abstract
han you gao yan fei shui yin you han liang gao he yan nong du da zhi shi ji chu li kun nan 。mo fa shui chu li ji shu an fan ying yong yu han you gao yan fei shui chu li ,dan chun shui de hui shou lv jin wei 50-60%ju jiao da de cao zuo ya li zhi shi mo wu ran yan chong 。xiang bi yu gao ya qu dong de mo fen li ji shu ,chao shua ze run shi xing mo ke zai chong li /di ya xia shi xian han you gao yan fei shui zhong you yu yan shui de fen li yi ji zai yi ding wen cha xia shi xian yan yu shui de gao xiao fen li ,ji you /yan shui fen li he mo zheng liu tuo yan liang bu gong yi 。dan fen li mo zai chu you he tuo yan guo cheng zhong mo de wen ding xing 、nai wu ran te xing yi ji nai run shi te xing shi fen li mo wen ding yun hang de guan jian 。ben wen cong zi ran jie sheng wu ti ru he xie （chao shu shui ）、yu lin （nai you wu ）、yi bei （gao nian fu xing ）deng shou dao qi fa ,yi jing dian fang si ji shu zhi bei gao kong xi lv he di qu she du qian wei mo wei ji chu ,bing jie ge fang sheng he biao mian gai xing ji shu zhi bei le ju you bu tong run shi te xing de san wei tong kong qian wei mo ,tong guo liang bu mo fen li gong yi ,shi xian le han you gao yan fei shui chu li guo cheng zhong mo de nai wu ran he nai run shi te xing de ji cheng bing bao zheng mo de gao tong liang he gao fen li xiao lv 。mu qian suo qu de de yan jiu cheng guo ru xia :zhen dui han you gao yan fei shui zhong you xing wu zhi de wu li te xing bu tong ,shou xian she ji le liang chong bu tong run shi te xing de qian wei mo yi dui han you gao yan fei shui zhong de you yu yan shui jin hang fen li chu li 。zai ben shi yan zhong ,yi ju you re wen ding xing he nai suan jian wen ding xing de fang feng guan （PSA）wei ji cai ,tong guo diao jie fang si ye zhong PSAhe ju bing xi jing （PAN）de zhi liang bi he nong du deng ,zhi bei le zhi jing jun yi 、kong jing fen bu zhai 、li xue jiang du gao de chao xi PSA/PANfu ge qian wei mo 。tong guo yuan wei leng dong sao miao dian jing fen xi ru ye cheng fen ,ming xi gao jiang du PSA/PANqian wei cheng xing ji li 。tong shi gen ju hou ji fen li guo cheng zhong suo xu fu ge qian wei mo biao mian run shi te xing de bu tong ,li yong shui re fa zai PSA/PANqian wei biao mian gou zao wei na mi duo ji cu cao jie gou bing shua ze xing de jie zhi di biao mian neng shu shui ji ,shi xian le chao shu shui /chao qin you （shu shui jiao 156°/qin you jiao 0°）he chao qin shui /shui xia chao shu you （qin shui jiao 0°/shui xia shu you jiao 155°）PSA/PANfu ge qian wei mo de zhi bei bing dui han you gao yan fei shui zhong bu tong wu li te xing de you yu yan shui jin hang gao xiao fen li 。ji dui qin shui xing you ji wu jiang hua de you bao shui xing ru hua wu he shui bao you xing ru hua wu de fen li tong liang fen bie da 7300 L m-2h-1he 3200 L m-2h-1ju fen li xiao lv zai 99.90%zuo you 。chao shua ze run shi xing qian wei mo chu li hou de gao yan fei shui zhong de you han liang yi ban zai ji dao ji shi hao ke mei sheng zhi jian 。zai mo zheng liu tuo yan guo cheng zhong ,you yu shui xia jiang lie de shu shui -shu shui xiang hu zuo yong ,yan shui zhong can liu de you xing wu zhi shi bi hui dui shu shui mo zao cheng wu ran 。wei le jie jue shang shu wen ti ,cai yong jing dian fang si yu jing dian pen wu ji shu zhi bei le ju you chao qin shui nai you wu bao hu ceng fu ge qian wei zheng liu mo 。gai mo yi shu shui ju pian fu yi xi （PVDF）qian wei mo wei zheng liu ji mo ,ran hou zai shu shui ji mo biao mian pen tu yi ceng wei na mi jie gou de er yang hua gui @ju pian fu yi xi /ju ben yi xi （SiO2@PVDF-HFP/PS）chao shu shui ceng yi di gao zheng liu mo de wen ding xing neng ,gai chao shu shui ceng de shui jie chu jiao wei 164°。zui hou ,zai chao shu shui zheng liu mo biao mian pen tu yi ceng chao qin shui nai you wu bao hu ceng ,gai chao qin shui bao hu ceng zai shui xia zhan xian le you yi de chao shu you te xing （shui xia you jie chu jiao wei 166°）;zai zhi jie jie chu shi mo zheng liu yun hang guo cheng zhong ,ju you chao qin shui nai you wu bao hu ceng de fu ge qian wei zheng liu mo zai chu li han you gao yan fei shui shi ,ji bu jin zhan xian le you yi de kua mo tong liang (28 L m-2h-1),er ju hai ju you jiao gao de fen li xiao lv （100%）he re wen ding xing 。han you gao yan fei shui zhong chu le han you you xing wu zhi yi wai ,wang wang hai han you shao liang de qin shui xing you ji wu ran wu 。you yu qin shui xing you ji wu ran wu de biao mian neng bi shu shui xing zheng liu mo de biao mian neng yao di de duo ,qin shui xing you ji wu ran wu hui fu zhao yu shu shui zheng liu mo de biao mian er shi mo zheng liu shi xiao 。yin ci ,zhi bei tong shi ju you nai wu ran he nai run shi te xing de gao tong liang zheng liu mo yi mian dui fu za duo bian de han you gao yan fei shui ju you chong yao yi yi 。shou xian ,li yong shuang chong sheng wu fang sheng ji shu shi xian le qian wei mo biao mian wei na mi duo ji jie gou de gou zhu bing li yong 17lian de fu gui wan （17-FAS）jiang di mo biao mian zi you neng ,zhi bei le ju you nai run shi te xing de duo zeng qian wei mo ,gai mo dui yi qie di biao mian zhang li wu zhi jun ju you hen hao de pai chi zuo yong 。zai chu li han you qin shui xing you ji wu ran de han you gao yan fei shui shi ,ji zhan xian le you yi de nai run shi te xing ;ji ci ,li yong jing dian fang si yu jing dian pen wu ji shu shi xian le chao qin shui bao hu ceng yu duo zeng qian wei mo de ou ge 。tong guo diao kong fang si ye de zu cheng he nong du deng ,zhi bei le ju you zi cu cao jie gou de duo zeng PVDFqian wei mo ,zai kong qi zhong gai mo dui shui he you di de jie chu jiao fen bie wei 159°he 145°;sui hou li yong jing dian pen wu ji shu zhi bei le ju you chuan zhu jie gou de ju yi xi chun /ju bing xi suan （PVA/PAA）chao qin shui nai you wu bao hu ceng ;zui hou tong guo re chu li ji shu shi xian le chao qin shui nai you wu PVA/PAAbao hu ceng （shui xia you jie chu jiao wei 156°）yu duo zeng PVDFqian wei mo de ou ge 。gai chao qin shui /duo zeng fu ge qian wei zheng liu mo zai chu li fu za han you gao yan fei shui shi ji shui tong liang gao da 27 L m-2h-1ju tuo yan lv jie jin 100%。yi shang yan jiu biao ming ,yi jing dian fang si zuo wei jia gong shou duan zhi bei de di qu she du san wei tong kong qian wei mo bing jie ge sheng wu fang sheng ji shu jie jue le han you gao yan fei shui zhong you yu yan shui he yan yu shui de gao xiao fen li 。tong shi ,zai mo zheng liu tuo yan guo cheng zhong ,tong guo gou zhu chao shua ze run shi xing zheng liu mo jie mian shi xian le zheng liu mo tong liang 、mo run shi he mo wu ran nan yi xie diao de ji shu nan ti 。zai jie xia lai de yan jiu guo cheng zhong ke jin yi bu you hua mo de wu li xing zhi ,ru mo kong jie gou ,mo hou du deng jin yi bu shi xian jie gou he xing neng yu yi ti hua de fu ge qian wei zheng liu mo 。
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论文作者分别是来自哈尔滨工业大学的朱志高，发表于刊物哈尔滨工业大学2019-12-07论文，是一篇关于超润湿性界面论文,盐水分离论文,膜蒸馏论文,高盐废水论文,膜污染与膜润湿控制论文,哈尔滨工业大学2019-12-07论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自哈尔滨工业大学2019-12-07论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。
标签：超润湿性界面论文; 盐水分离论文; 膜蒸馏论文; 高盐废水论文; 膜污染与膜润湿控制论文; 哈尔滨工业大学2019-12-07论文;