关联理论视角下隐喻在政治演说语篇中连贯功能研究

关联理论视角下隐喻在政治演说语篇中连贯功能研究

论文摘要

语篇连贯一直是语篇分析的重要环节。很多语言学家从不同的角度对语篇连贯进行了研究。本文的研究目的是从关联理论的角度探讨在政治演说语篇中概念隐喻如何起到连贯的作用。莱考夫和约翰逊于1980年提出了概念隐喻理论,该理论强调了隐喻的连贯作用。概念隐喻的系统性和概念域之间的互动赋予了隐喻语篇的功能。莱考夫和约翰逊的概念隐喻理论从认知语言学的角度拓展了语篇连贯的研究。但是,这并不能解决语篇连贯的所有问题。本篇论文以概念隐喻理论和关联理论作为理论框架。笔者认为在政治演说语篇中,隐喻的连贯作用源自于听话人对关联的追求。当隐喻所传达的演说者的意识形态被听众理解和接受时,语篇连贯便形成了。本文结论和意义如下:(一)在关联理论视角下,隐喻的理解与关联密切相关。(二)在关联理论视角下,隐喻在政治演说语篇中体现出语篇连贯的功能。关联性取决于语境效果和认知努力两个变量。一方面,在政治演说语篇中,演说者使用的隐喻是一个新信息,该新信息与听众认知环境中的语境假设相结合产生语境含义,也就是产生了语境效果。从认知连贯的角度看,语篇中的隐喻为听众提供了理解语篇所需要的语境,加速听众对演说者意识形态的理解过程,是听话者的理解创造了语篇的连贯性。另一方面,隐喻的使用大大减少了听众理解演说者意图的认知努力。在政治演说语篇中,概念隐喻是传达意识形态的最佳方式。所有隐喻都根植于人们的生活经验和知识,所以听众往往忽略演说人利用隐喻传达意识形态的事实。隐喻的跨域映射是自动的、持续的、不为人察觉的。隐喻的运用使听众无需付出额外的认知努力就能理解演说者的意图。此时,交际双方处于同一认知环境之中并且生成了语境效果,认知连贯由此产生。(三)笔者选取中、英各一篇政治演说语篇作为研究语料用以论证在关联理论视角下,隐喻在中、英两类政治演说语篇中具有相同的连贯功能。本文主要从三个方面对概念隐喻的语篇连贯作用进行分析:第一:演说者通过隐喻影响听众的情感。交际双方情感上达到共鸣,听众更易于接受演说者的意识形态,连贯随之产生。第二:演说者利用隐喻的评价功能,影响听众的判断,使听众更易于接受其意识形态,连贯随之产生。第三:隐喻在不同的文化中传递不同的意识形态,当演说者和听众共享同一文化背景,交际双方意识形态趋同,连贯随之产生。本文以概念隐喻理论和关联理论作为理论框架,进一步拓展了语篇连贯的研究,深化了概念隐喻的语篇连贯功能。

论文目录

  • Acknowledgements
  • 摘要
  • Abstract
  • Contents
  • Chapter One Introduction
  • 1.1 Background to this study
  • 1.2 Significance of this study
  • 1.3 Research methodology
  • 1.3.1 Research questions
  • 1.3.2 Data collection
  • 1.3.3 Method in this study
  • 1.4 Organization of this thesis
  • Chapter Two Literature Review
  • 2.1 Previons researches on metaphor
  • 2.1.1 Traditional views on metaphor
  • 2.1.2 Cognitive views on metaphor
  • 2.2 Previons researches on coherence
  • 2.2.1 Halliday & Hasan's Cohesion-Register Theory
  • 2.2.2 Van Dijk's Macrostructure Theory
  • 2.2.3 Widdowson's Illocutionary Act Theory
  • 2.2.4 Coherence researches from cognitive perspective
  • 2.2.5 Coherence researches in China
  • 2.3 Previous researches on the coherent function of metaphor
  • 2.3.1 Lakoff & Jonson's view on metaphorical coherence
  • 2.3.1.1 Coherence constructed by a single conceptual metaphor
  • 2.3.1.2 Coherence constructed by more than one conceptual metaphor
  • 2.3.2 The researches on metaphor's coherent function in China
  • 2.4 Comments on inadequacy of the previous researches
  • Chapter Three Theoretical Frameworks
  • 3.1 Conceptual Metaphor Theory
  • 3.1.1 Major characteristics of conceptual metaphor
  • 3.1.2 Experiential basis of conceptual metaphor
  • 3.1.3 Mapping—the working mechanism of conceptual metaphor
  • 3.1.4 Metaphor and the world knowledge
  • 3.2 Relevance Theory
  • 3.2.1 Relevance and cognition
  • 3.2.2 Ostensive-inferential communication
  • 3.2.3 Contextual effect and cognitive effort
  • 3.2.4 Principle of relevance
  • 3.2.5 Relevance and coherence
  • 3.3 Theoretical basis for this thesis
  • Chapter Four Case Analysis and Discussion
  • 4.1 Coherence constructed by metaphor's emotion-stimulating function
  • 4.2 Coherence constructed by metaphor's evaluative function
  • 4.3 Coherence constructed by the shared cultural environment between the addresser and theaddressee
  • 4.3.1 The coherence resulted from the same cultural connotation embodied in both Chinese and English metaphors
  • 4.3.2 The coherence resulted from the cultural difference embodied in Chinese and English metaphors respectively
  • 4.4 Discussion
  • Chapter Five Conclusion
  • 5.1 Major findings
  • 5.2 Limitations and suggestions for further studies
  • Bibliography
  • Appendix Ⅰ
  • Appendix Ⅱ
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    关联理论视角下隐喻在政治演说语篇中连贯功能研究
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