范畴化视角下英汉儿童早期名词习得研究

论文摘要

范畴化是人类最重要和最基本的一种认知活动。范畴化问题是整个认知语言的理论基础和核心问题,儿童在对事物的认知过程中,会把它们按照他们理解的范畴来归类。认知语言学则认为原型是人们对世界进行范畴化的认知参照点,所以概念的建立都是以原型为中心。本文运用范畴化理论对两名说英语儿童以及两名说汉语儿童的早期名词习得做研究,对长期跟踪调查得来的语料以及现有语料进行分析研究,把儿童语言中出现的名词分为9大类加以考察。从各类名词的使用频率与使用数量以及儿童是如何进行名词范畴化等多个层面进行描述分析,从而揭示儿童习得名词的范畴化过程及特点,并进行跨语言对比研究,以探究英汉儿童早期名词习得范畴化的异同,并对其原因进行分析阐释。除引言和结论外,本论文共分为四章。引言部分介绍研究背景和意义。第一章为国内外研究现状综述、名词分类和范畴化理论阐释。参照李宇明的名词分类法把名词分为9大类:亲属称谓、器官名称、衣服名称、用具用物名称、交通工具名称、食物名称、动物名称、自然物名称、颜色词名称。本文仅讨论亲属称谓、器官名称、衣服名称以及颜色词名称的原型。第二章为说汉语儿童早期名词习得个案研究。通过对两名说汉语儿童所习得的9类名词的使用数量及使用频率等方面的分析考察,发现两名说汉语儿童在早期名词范畴化习得过程中的差异和相似之处,以及引起这些异同的原因,包括认知发展、语言输入、性别差异及个体兴趣等。第三章为说英语儿童早期名词习得研究,对两名来自布朗语料库的说英语儿童语料进行分析研究,旨在比较他们9类名词的习得趋势。得出说英语儿童习得用具用物名词最多;说英语男童习得交通工具名称明显高于说英语女童等结论。这是认知发展与环境共同作用的结果。第四章为跨语言比较研究,旨在比较说汉语男童、女童,说英语男童、女童之间存在的范畴化相似性与差异性。得出说汉语女童习得动物名称最多,男童习得交通工具名称明显高于女童等结论。范畴化的发展与语言输入、性别差异、个体兴趣、认知发展、语言环境密切相关。总之,名词的习得研究必须对多方面因素进行全面考察,以找出更适合儿童习得词汇的方式,帮助儿童更好更快地习得母语。

论文目录

• 摘要
• Abstract
• Idex to Tables
• Inndex to Figures
• Abbreviations
• Introduction
• 0.1 Purpose and Significance of the Research
• 0.2 Approaches to the Research
• 0.3 Organization of the Thesis
• Chapter 1 Literature Review
• 1.1 An Overview of Theories on Child Language Acquisition
• 1.2 A Brief Introduction to Categorization Theory
• 1.3 Literature Review on Children’s Early Noun Acquisition
• 1.4 Criteria for Children’s Vocabulary Acquisition
• 1.5 Types of Noun Categorization
• Chapter 2 A Case Study of Chinese-speaking Children’s Categorizationin Noun Acquisition
• 2.1 Subjects and Methodology
• 2.2 Collection of Data
• 2.3 Results and Discussion
• 2.3.1 Categorization of Kinship, Organ and Clothes Names
• 2.3.2 Categorization of Utensil, Transport and Food Names
• 2.3.3 Categorization of Animal, Natural Object and Coter Names
• 2.4 Similarities and Differences in the Noun Categorization of Male andFemale Subjects
• 2.5 Summary
• Chapter 3 A Study of English-speaking Children’s NounAcquisition
• 3.1 Subjects and Methodology
• 3.2 Results and Discussion
• 3.2.1 Categorization of Kinship, Organ and Clothes Names
• 3.2.2 Categorization of Utensil, Transport and Food Names
• 3.2.3 Categorization of Animal, Natural Object and Color Names
• 3.3 Similarities and Differences between English-speaking Male and Female Children’s Noun Categorization
• 3.4 Summary
• Chapter 4 A Cross-linguistic Study of Children’s Early NounAcquisition
• 4.1 Similarities between Chinese-speaking Children and English-speakingChildren’s Early Noun Acquisition from the Perspective ofCategorization
• 4.1.1 Similarities between Chinese-speaking male and English-speakingmale subjects
• 4.1.2 Similarities between Chinese-speaking female and English-speaking female subjects
• 4.2 Differences between Chinese-speaking Children and English-speakingChildren’s Early Noun Acquisition from the Perspective ofCategorization
• 4.2.1 Differences between Chinese-speaking male and English-speakingmale subjects
• 4.2.2 Differences between Chinese-speaking female and English-speaking female subjects
• 4.3 Discussion
• 4.4 Summary
• Conclusion
• Bibliography
• Acknowledgements
• Appendix A 攻读学位期间主要研究成果目录
• Appendix B Tables
• Table B1 Total tokens of categorization nouns of ZHZ and MHR
• Table B2 Total tokens of kinship terms, names of organs and names of clothes of ZHZ and MHR
• Table B3 Total tokens of categorization nouns of ADA and SAR
• Table B4 Total tokens of kinship terms, names of organs and names of clothesof ADA and SAR
• Table B5 Sample of categorization nouns of ZHZ, MHR, ADA and SAR
• Appendix C Sample of Transcription
• 详细摘要