本文主要研究内容
作者袁敏(2019)在《烟草粉螟药剂防治研究》一文中研究指出:烟草粉螟Ephestia elutella(Hübner),属鳞翅目(Lepidoptera)、斑螟科(Pyralididae),烟叶仓库中普遍发生、为害较为严重,是仅次于烟草甲的重要害虫,该虫在我国分布较广,在云南和贵州两省发生较多,世界各产烟区均有分布。烟草粉螟主要以幼虫为害初烤烟叶,加上虫源性异物的污染,致使烟叶质量严重下降,在各个烟区的危害程度大相径庭,国内外烟草行业历来非常重视。因此,本研究一方面通过测定低毒、新型杀虫剂对烟草粉螟的毒力,明确烟草粉螟对不同类型药剂的敏感性,筛选出烟草粉螟最佳的防护剂,并研究了毒力较高的杀虫剂溴氰菊酯和茚虫威亚致死浓度对烟草粉螟生物学特性的影响,为化学治理烟草粉螟提供合理的参考。另一方面研究了甲酸乙酯与异硫氰酸甲酯的混合剂对烟草粉螟各虫态的熏蒸活性,旨在为寻找磷化氢替代药剂提供理论依据,以期为烟草粉螟的可持续治理提供一定的参考。1、烟草粉螟对12种杀虫剂的敏感性测定为有效控制烟草贮存过程中烟草粉螟的危害,采用烟叶浸渍法、卵粒浸渍法,测定了烟草粉螟3龄幼虫、成虫、卵对12种低毒药剂的敏感性,评估12种药剂对烟草粉螟防治的运用潜力。结果表明:苯氧威、溴氰菊酯对烟草粉螟的毒力较高(对3龄幼虫的LC50分别为0.60 mg/L,2.70 mg/L;对成虫的LC50分别为2.39 mg/L,5.24 mg/L;对卵的LC50分别为19.96mg/L,98.63 mg/L),氰氟虫腙对烟草粉螟的毒力最低,对3龄幼虫、成虫、卵的致死中浓度LC50分别为为37.47 mg/L、486.27 mg/L、946.81 mg/L。球孢白僵菌、绿僵菌、卵孢白僵菌、阿维菌素、苦参碱、除虫菊素对烟草粉螟3龄幼虫的毒力(LC50)分别是1.79×108cfu/L、2.08×108cfu/L、4.22×108 cfu/L、0.23 mg/L、19.33 mg/L、12.47 mg/L。因此,在烟草粉斑螟幼虫末期(常出烟包化蛹)或者成虫期,可选用低毒的苯氧威、溴氰菊酯进行仓库区表面处理,可降低仓库内的烟草粉斑螟虫口密度。此外,球孢白僵菌、阿维菌素、除虫菊素3种药剂可以作为防治烟草粉螟备选药剂。2、甲酸乙酯与异硫氰酸甲酯对烟草粉螟的熏蒸作用为了筛选出防治烟草粉螟的绿色熏蒸剂,采用广口瓶密闭熏蒸法,测定了烟草粉螟对甲酸乙酯与异硫氰酸甲酯组成新制剂的敏感性。结果表明:甲酸乙酯与异硫氰酸甲酯不同比例下混合熏蒸对烟草粉螟3龄幼虫毒力最高为85%甲酸乙酯+15%异硫氰酸甲酯,其LC50为18.32μL/L,毒力最低的为甲酸乙酯单用,其LC50为56.32μL/L;甲酸乙酯与异硫氰酸甲酯混合制剂对各虫态的熏蒸活性:成虫>蛹>低龄幼虫>高龄幼虫。因此,甲酸乙酯与异硫氰酸甲酯组成的新制剂可作为防治烟草粉螟的备选熏蒸剂。3、溴氰菊酯亚致死浓度胁迫对烟草粉螟生物学特性的影响为探讨溴氰菊酯对烟草粉螟的亚致死效应,本文采用烟叶浸渍法以溴氰菊酯亚致死浓度(LC10和LC25)胁迫烟草粉螟,并通过年龄-龄期两性生命表的方法探究溴氰菊酯胁迫对烟草粉螟发育和繁殖的影响。结果显示:亚致死浓度处理后烟草粉螟F0代的平均单雌产卵量(LC10:56.79粒,LC25:46.31粒)明显少于对照(75.83粒);产卵前期(LC25:1.33 d)明显长于对照(1.02 d);处理后的雌、雄虫存活期与对照间差异显著。亚致死浓度处理后烟草粉螟F1代存活率明显下降(LC10:12.50%,LC25:16.26%),但LC25处理下卵、1龄幼虫、3龄幼虫、5龄幼虫、7龄幼虫、蛹的发育历期与对照相比无显著差异,2、4、6龄幼虫历期显著延长(0.80、1.24、0.70 d);LC25处理组的成虫前期比对照显著延长了3.16 d。同时LC25处理的雌、雄虫寿命最短。本研究表明,亚致死浓度的溴氰菊酯能够抑制烟草粉螟的生长发育和繁殖。4、茚虫威亚致死浓度胁迫对烟草粉螟生物学特性的影响为探讨茚虫威对烟草粉螟的亚致死效应,本文采用烟叶浸渍法以茚虫威亚致死浓度(LC10和LC25)胁迫烟草粉螟,并通过年龄-龄期两性生命表的方法探究茚虫威胁迫对烟草粉螟发育和繁殖的影响。结果显示:致死浓度处理后烟草粉螟F0代的平均单雌产卵量(LC10:51.57粒,LC25:46.66粒)明显少于对照(75.83粒);产卵前期(LC25:1.38 d)明显长于对照(1.02 d);亚致死浓度处理后烟草粉螟F1代各处理间的卵、3龄幼虫、4龄幼虫、5龄幼虫、7龄幼虫、蛹的发育历期无显著差异;但LC25处理组1、2、6龄幼虫历期比对照延长了且差异显著,同时LC25处理的雌、雄虫寿命最短,但3个处理间差异不显著。研究表明,亚致死浓度的茚虫威能够抑制烟草粉螟的生长发育和繁殖。
Abstract
yan cao fen ming Ephestia elutella(Hübner),shu lin chi mu (Lepidoptera)、ban ming ke (Pyralididae),yan xie cang ku zhong pu bian fa sheng 、wei hai jiao wei yan chong ,shi jin ci yu yan cao jia de chong yao hai chong ,gai chong zai wo guo fen bu jiao an ,zai yun na he gui zhou liang sheng fa sheng jiao duo ,shi jie ge chan yan ou jun you fen bu 。yan cao fen ming zhu yao yi you chong wei hai chu kao yan xie ,jia shang chong yuan xing yi wu de wu ran ,zhi shi yan xie zhi liang yan chong xia jiang ,zai ge ge yan ou de wei hai cheng du da xiang jing ting ,guo nei wai yan cao hang ye li lai fei chang chong shi 。yin ci ,ben yan jiu yi fang mian tong guo ce ding di du 、xin xing sha chong ji dui yan cao fen ming de du li ,ming que yan cao fen ming dui bu tong lei xing yao ji de min gan xing ,shai shua chu yan cao fen ming zui jia de fang hu ji ,bing yan jiu le du li jiao gao de sha chong ji xiu qing ju zhi he yin chong wei ya zhi si nong du dui yan cao fen ming sheng wu xue te xing de ying xiang ,wei hua xue zhi li yan cao fen ming di gong ge li de can kao 。ling yi fang mian yan jiu le jia suan yi zhi yu yi liu qing suan jia zhi de hun ge ji dui yan cao fen ming ge chong tai de xun zheng huo xing ,zhi zai wei xun zhao lin hua qing ti dai yao ji di gong li lun yi ju ,yi ji wei yan cao fen ming de ke chi xu zhi li di gong yi ding de can kao 。1、yan cao fen ming dui 12chong sha chong ji de min gan xing ce ding wei you xiao kong zhi yan cao zhu cun guo cheng zhong yan cao fen ming de wei hai ,cai yong yan xie jin zi fa 、luan li jin zi fa ,ce ding le yan cao fen ming 3ling you chong 、cheng chong 、luan dui 12chong di du yao ji de min gan xing ,ping gu 12chong yao ji dui yan cao fen ming fang zhi de yun yong qian li 。jie guo biao ming :ben yang wei 、xiu qing ju zhi dui yan cao fen ming de du li jiao gao (dui 3ling you chong de LC50fen bie wei 0.60 mg/L,2.70 mg/L;dui cheng chong de LC50fen bie wei 2.39 mg/L,5.24 mg/L;dui luan de LC50fen bie wei 19.96mg/L,98.63 mg/L),qing fu chong zong dui yan cao fen ming de du li zui di ,dui 3ling you chong 、cheng chong 、luan de zhi si zhong nong du LC50fen bie wei wei 37.47 mg/L、486.27 mg/L、946.81 mg/L。qiu bao bai jiang jun 、lu jiang jun 、luan bao bai jiang jun 、a wei jun su 、ku can jian 、chu chong ju su dui yan cao fen ming 3ling you chong de du li (LC50)fen bie shi 1.79×108cfu/L、2.08×108cfu/L、4.22×108 cfu/L、0.23 mg/L、19.33 mg/L、12.47 mg/L。yin ci ,zai yan cao fen ban ming you chong mo ji (chang chu yan bao hua yong )huo zhe cheng chong ji ,ke shua yong di du de ben yang wei 、xiu qing ju zhi jin hang cang ku ou biao mian chu li ,ke jiang di cang ku nei de yan cao fen ban ming chong kou mi du 。ci wai ,qiu bao bai jiang jun 、a wei jun su 、chu chong ju su 3chong yao ji ke yi zuo wei fang zhi yan cao fen ming bei shua yao ji 。2、jia suan yi zhi yu yi liu qing suan jia zhi dui yan cao fen ming de xun zheng zuo yong wei le shai shua chu fang zhi yan cao fen ming de lu se xun zheng ji ,cai yong an kou ping mi bi xun zheng fa ,ce ding le yan cao fen ming dui jia suan yi zhi yu yi liu qing suan jia zhi zu cheng xin zhi ji de min gan xing 。jie guo biao ming :jia suan yi zhi yu yi liu qing suan jia zhi bu tong bi li xia hun ge xun zheng dui yan cao fen ming 3ling you chong du li zui gao wei 85%jia suan yi zhi +15%yi liu qing suan jia zhi ,ji LC50wei 18.32μL/L,du li zui di de wei jia suan yi zhi chan yong ,ji LC50wei 56.32μL/L;jia suan yi zhi yu yi liu qing suan jia zhi hun ge zhi ji dui ge chong tai de xun zheng huo xing :cheng chong >yong >di ling you chong >gao ling you chong 。yin ci ,jia suan yi zhi yu yi liu qing suan jia zhi zu cheng de xin zhi ji ke zuo wei fang zhi yan cao fen ming de bei shua xun zheng ji 。3、xiu qing ju zhi ya zhi si nong du xie pai dui yan cao fen ming sheng wu xue te xing de ying xiang wei tan tao xiu qing ju zhi dui yan cao fen ming de ya zhi si xiao ying ,ben wen cai yong yan xie jin zi fa yi xiu qing ju zhi ya zhi si nong du (LC10he LC25)xie pai yan cao fen ming ,bing tong guo nian ling -ling ji liang xing sheng ming biao de fang fa tan jiu xiu qing ju zhi xie pai dui yan cao fen ming fa yo he fan shi de ying xiang 。jie guo xian shi :ya zhi si nong du chu li hou yan cao fen ming F0dai de ping jun chan ci chan luan liang (LC10:56.79li ,LC25:46.31li )ming xian shao yu dui zhao (75.83li );chan luan qian ji (LC25:1.33 d)ming xian chang yu dui zhao (1.02 d);chu li hou de ci 、xiong chong cun huo ji yu dui zhao jian cha yi xian zhe 。ya zhi si nong du chu li hou yan cao fen ming F1dai cun huo lv ming xian xia jiang (LC10:12.50%,LC25:16.26%),dan LC25chu li xia luan 、1ling you chong 、3ling you chong 、5ling you chong 、7ling you chong 、yong de fa yo li ji yu dui zhao xiang bi mo xian zhe cha yi ,2、4、6ling you chong li ji xian zhe yan chang (0.80、1.24、0.70 d);LC25chu li zu de cheng chong qian ji bi dui zhao xian zhe yan chang le 3.16 d。tong shi LC25chu li de ci 、xiong chong shou ming zui duan 。ben yan jiu biao ming ,ya zhi si nong du de xiu qing ju zhi neng gou yi zhi yan cao fen ming de sheng chang fa yo he fan shi 。4、yin chong wei ya zhi si nong du xie pai dui yan cao fen ming sheng wu xue te xing de ying xiang wei tan tao yin chong wei dui yan cao fen ming de ya zhi si xiao ying ,ben wen cai yong yan xie jin zi fa yi yin chong wei ya zhi si nong du (LC10he LC25)xie pai yan cao fen ming ,bing tong guo nian ling -ling ji liang xing sheng ming biao de fang fa tan jiu yin chong wei xie pai dui yan cao fen ming fa yo he fan shi de ying xiang 。jie guo xian shi :zhi si nong du chu li hou yan cao fen ming F0dai de ping jun chan ci chan luan liang (LC10:51.57li ,LC25:46.66li )ming xian shao yu dui zhao (75.83li );chan luan qian ji (LC25:1.38 d)ming xian chang yu dui zhao (1.02 d);ya zhi si nong du chu li hou yan cao fen ming F1dai ge chu li jian de luan 、3ling you chong 、4ling you chong 、5ling you chong 、7ling you chong 、yong de fa yo li ji mo xian zhe cha yi ;dan LC25chu li zu 1、2、6ling you chong li ji bi dui zhao yan chang le ju cha yi xian zhe ,tong shi LC25chu li de ci 、xiong chong shou ming zui duan ,dan 3ge chu li jian cha yi bu xian zhe 。yan jiu biao ming ,ya zhi si nong du de yin chong wei neng gou yi zhi yan cao fen ming de sheng chang fa yo he fan shi 。
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论文作者分别是来自贵州大学的袁敏,发表于刊物贵州大学2019-07-16论文,是一篇关于烟草粉螟论文,毒力测定论文,熏蒸论文,亚致死效应论文,两性生命表论文,贵州大学2019-07-16论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用,各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载,文章观点不代表本站观点,资料来自贵州大学2019-07-16论文网站,若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权,请联系我们删除。
标签:烟草粉螟论文; 毒力测定论文; 熏蒸论文; 亚致死效应论文; 两性生命表论文; 贵州大学2019-07-16论文;