礼貌语用失误的文化认知研究

论文摘要

跨文化语用失误是近年来语用学和跨文化交际学研究的热点课题。英国语言学家珍妮·托马斯(Jenny Thomas)1983年在“跨文化语用失误”一文中提出了语用失误这一概念,并把语用失误划分为语用语言失误和社交语用失误。此后,国内外学者纷纷加入到语用失误研究的行列中,从跨文化交际、语用负迁移、二语习得和外语教学等方面对语用失误进行了卓有成效的研究。礼貌是文化的重要组成部分,礼貌用语在日常交流中起着润滑剂的作用,但由于语用文化价值的差异和不同的语用习惯及特点,不同文化背景的人在运用和理解礼貌的方式上各不相同。因而在交际时,往往造成对礼貌用语的误用、滥用,从而导致跨文化礼貌语用失误。本论文在简要回顾了国内外语用失误研究文献基础上,明确了对礼貌语用失误的界定,以认知语境、认知期待和理想化认知模式为理论依据,对礼貌语用失误在称呼、问候、称赞、询问和道歉等言语行为层面和语篇层面进行了文化认知分析。通过对礼貌语用失误的文化认知研究,揭示了礼貌语用失误产生的原因:人们对礼貌的不同认知期待,认知期待源于人们的认知语境和认知模式,这三个相互依附的层面为礼貌语用失误的研究提供了统一的理论框架;弥补了以往研究中过于重视说话人、忽略听话人的不足;同时也很好地解释了语内礼貌语用失误和语际礼貌语用失误。最后,指出了本论文研究的不足,并提出了在跨文化语用失误研究方面需要进一步研究的问题。

论文目录

• 摘要
• ABSTRACT
• Chapter One Introduction
• 1.1 Motivation of the Study
• 1.2 Significance of Analyzing Politeness Pragmatic Failures
• 1.3 Methodology and Data Collection
• 1.4 Organization of this Dissertation
• Chapter Two Literature Review
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Politeness
• 2.2.1 Definition of Politeness in English
• 2.2.2 Definition of Politeness in Chinese
• 2.3 Main Politeness Theories
• 2.3.1 Lakoff’s Theory of Politeness
• 2.3.2 Leech’s Politeness Principle （PP）
• 2.3.3 Brown & Levinson’s Face Theory
• 2.3.4 Gu’s Politeness Theory
• 2.4 Pragmatic failure
• 2.4.1 Definition of Pragmatic Failure
• 2.4.2 Classification of Pragmatic Failure
• 2.4.3 The Current Study of Pragmatic Failure Abroad
• 2.4.4 The Current Study of Pragmatic Failure in China
• 2.4.5 Chinese Learners’Pragmatic Failures
• 2.4.6 English Learners’Pragmatic Failures
• 2.5 Summary
• Chapter Three Theoretical Background
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 Definition of Cognition
• 3.3 Culture and Cognition
• 3.4 Framework of Human Information Processing
• 3.5 Cognitive Context
• 3.6 Cognitive Expectation
• 3.7 Idealized Cognitive Models （ICMs）
• 3.8 Politeness Pragmatic Failures
• 3.9 Summary
• Chapter Four A Cultural-Cognitive Study of Politeness Pragmatic Failures
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Study of Politeness Pragmatic Failures from the Viewpoint of the Speech Act
• 4.2.1 Politeness Pragmatic Failures in Addressing
• 4.2.2 Politeness Pragmatic Failures in Greeting
• 4.2.3 Politeness Pragmatic Failures in Introduction Communication
• 4.2.4 Politeness Pragmatic Failures in Compliment
• 4.2.5 Politeness Pragmatic Failures in Request and Inquiry
• 4.2.6 Politeness Pragmatic Failures in Apology and Response
• 4.3 Study of Politeness Pragmatic Failures from the Viewpoint of the Discourse
• 4.3.1 Politeness Pragmatic Failures in Topic Choice
• 4.3.2 Politeness Pragmatic Failures in “Turn-taking”
• 4.3.3 Politeness Pragmatic Failures in Closing and Leaving-taking
• 4.4 Summary
• Chapter Five Conclusions
• 5.1 Findings
• 5.2 Limitations of the Study
• 5.3 Suggestions for Further Studies in This Field
• Acknowledgements
• References
• Appendix: Article published during M.A. studies