人类不懈追求精神之隐喻 ——莱辛的《玛拉和丹恩历险记》主题分析

人类不懈追求精神之隐喻 ——莱辛的《玛拉和丹恩历险记》主题分析

论文摘要

与多丽丝·莱辛的很多作品一样,《玛拉和丹恩历险记》也有着多重解读的可能。故事设置在自然环境极度恶化,精神世界极其淡漠与平庸的下一个冰川时代。一对姐弟玛拉与丹恩踏上了他们的荆棘不断但却意义非凡的旅程。这样的洪荒场景是作者向读者发出的预警信号,同时也更加能够突显人的追求精神的重要性。整个小说是一个预警系统。作为一个洞察力超群的作者,莱辛很敏锐地预见当今世界环境、社会以及人类本身的各种问题可能对将来造成的后果,而且她将这一信息通过隐喻的方式很深刻地表达了出来。莱辛深切地感受到当前情形的紧迫性,并且暗示已经到了必须改变以往对待问题的漠然与固步自封态度的时候了。在尖锐的指出问题的同时,莱辛还是对未来抱有希望的。在这部作品中,她将这种希望寄托在了主人公坚持不懈的追求精神上,这种精神不是不实际的凭空想象,而是针对现实问题,旨于解决这些问题的一种精神向导。莱辛也正是受到了这种潜在的追求精神的震撼,才创作了这部小说。本论文有七部分组成,包括了引言部分,主体的五章以及结论部分。引言部分包含了作家介绍,作品作品以及文献综述。第一章首先论述了隐喻以及莱辛本人及其作品体现的不屈精神追求的内涵,继而通过背景,人物及故事情节三方面对小说核心主题进行了综合论述。通过隐喻对人类面临的各种问题进行思考是莱辛追求精神在这部小说中的体现。接下来的四章分别论述了莱辛所关注的四个分主题。在追求精神的指引下,莱辛在洞察到问题之后,试图寻求应对办法。这也是本论文在这几部分中遵循的论述方式。最后的结尾又总体论述了莱辛的创作风格,为更好的理解追求精神提供更宽阔的视野,同时也对莱辛创作思想起到了升华作用。

论文目录

  • Abstract
  • 摘要
  • Introduction
  • Ⅰ. An Introduction to Doris Lessing and Mara and Dann
  • Ⅱ. Literature Review
  • Chapter one The Central Theme of the Novel: a Metaphor of Unyielding Pursuing Spirit of Humanity
  • 1.1 Metaphor
  • 1.2 Unyielding Pursuit in Lessing
  • 1.2.1 Pursuit with Philosophical Thoughts
  • 1.2.2 Pursuit with Persistence
  • 1.3 Setting
  • 1.4 Plot
  • 1.5 Character
  • 1.5.1 Mara
  • 1.5.2 Dann
  • 1.5.3 Other Characters
  • Chapter Two Sub-theme One: Pursuit of Harmony between Man and Environment
  • 2.1 Warning Signs of Environmental Degradation
  • 2.1.1 Signs Shown in Natural Environment
  • 2.1.2 Signs Shown in Social Environment
  • 2.2 Roots of the Degradation
  • 2.3 Hopes Cherished by Doris Lessing
  • Chapter Three Sub-theme Two: Pursuit of Harmony between Men and Women
  • 3.1 Mara and Dann: in Childhood
  • 3.2 Mara and Dann: in Adolescence
  • 3.3 Mara and Dann: in Adulthood
  • Chapter Four Sub-theme Three: Pursuit of Harmony between Man and Man
  • 4.1 Conflicts between Man and Man
  • 4.1.1 Violent Conflicts— War
  • 4.1.2 Cultural Conflicts
  • 4.2 Hopes for Change
  • Chapter Five Sub-theme Four: Pursuit of Internal Harmony within a Man
  • 5.1 Struggle between Good and evil
  • 5.2 Balance between Free Will and Responsibility
  • Conclusion
  • Bibliography
  • Acknowledgements
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    人类不懈追求精神之隐喻 ——莱辛的《玛拉和丹恩历险记》主题分析
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