试论动态交际过程与语用经济的实现

论文摘要

本文在经济分析的理论框架之下讨论语用经济的实现问题。效率是所有人类行为的共有特征之一。而人类的言语交际是最常见也是最典型的体现这一特征的人类行为。有效率意味着要讲经济,也就是要用最少的付出获得最大的回报。所以语用经济在本文中定义为交际参与者在某一交际行为中为达成交际目的而付出的资源(主要是时间与精力)的最小化。本文认为语用经济只有在动态交际过程的背景下才能得以实现,而动态交际过程又包含动态语境与交际参与者之间的互动两个子概念。由于受到了经济学家加里·贝克尔著作的启发,本文将言语交际视为包含有稀缺资源配置问题的经济学研究课题并因此采用了经济分析的方法。贝克尔将这一方法表述为:“在我看来,最大化行为、市场均衡和偏好稳定的综合假定及其不折不扣的运用构成了经济分析的核心。”(Becker 1976: 5)最后,本文提出言语交际中的“理性人”假设并得出结论认为语用经济的实现是理性的会话参与者在追求其各自效用最大化的过程中相互合作的结果。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• Abstract
• 摘要
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• 1.1 The research question of this thesis
• 1.2 The research methodology of this thesis
• 1.3 Background of the research
• 1.4 Scope of the research
• 1.5 Significance of the research
• 1.6 Structure of the thesis
• Chapter 2 Literature Review
• 2.1 Economists’endeavor towards language-related issues
• 2.1.1 Jacob Marschak
• 2.1.2 The North American school of the economics of language
• 2.1.3 The European school of the economics of language
• 2.1.4 Chinese economists’endeavor towards the economics of language
• 2.2 Linguists’borrowing economic ideas
• 2.2.1 Ferdinand de Saussure
• 2.2.2 Principle of least effort
• 2.2.3 Principle of economy
• 2.2.4 Economy principle in pragmatic studies
• 2.2.4.1 Grice
• 2.2.4.2 Leech
• 2.2.4.3 Horn
• 2.2.5 Some Chinese linguists’endeavor towards the economics of language
• Chapter 3 Economic Analysis: The Rationale of the Thesis
• 3.1 Economic analysis and its theoretical foundation
• 3.1.1 Stable preference
• 3.1.2 The Rational Man hypothesis
• 3.1.3 The maximizing behavior
• 3.1.3.1 The maximization of profit
• 3.1.3.2 The maximization of utility
• 3.1.4 Market equilibrium
• 3.1.4.1 Supply and demand
• 3.1.4.2 Equilibrium
• 3.2 The application of economic analysis
• 3.2.1 Gary Becker’s work
• 3.2.2 Ariel Rubinstein’s work
• 3.2.3 Altruism
• 3.2.4 Cooperation
• 3.3 The feasibility of adopting economic analysis in linguistic research
• 3.4 Limitations of economic analysis in linguistic research
• Chapter 4 The Realization of Pragmatic Economy
• 4.1 Pragmatic economy
• 4.2 The realization of intention as stable preference
• 4.3 The Rational Man hypothesis in pragmatics
• 4.4 The dynamic communicative process as social interaction
• 4.4.1 The dynamic communicative context
• 4.4.1.1 Discussion of context
• 4.4.1.2 The static context view
• 4.4.1.3 The dynamic context view
• 4.4.2 The interaction of the interlocutors in the communicative process
• 4.5 The realization of pragmatic economy
• 4.5.1 The traditional account for pragmatic economy
• 4.5.1.1 The speaker’s economy, the hearer’s economy and the clash between them
• 4.5.1.2 The traditional solution to the clash and its defects
• 4.5.2 The economic analysis of pragmatic economy
• Chapter 5 Conclusion
• References