法庭应答语信息过量的语用研究

论文摘要

本文从语用学角度研究中国法庭应答语中信息过量现象,试图解释这一现象的顺应特征。我们把信息过量的法庭应答理解为在法庭问答过程中应答者除了提供发问者所期望的、必要的信息外还提供过量信息的动态过程。 _本文援用Verschueren的顺应理论并在分析真实法庭语料的基础上提出了分析法庭应答中信息过量的理论框架。作者认为,信息过量的法庭应答是应答者为了实现其交际目的而对各种语境因素做出顺应性选择的动态过程,主要涉及始发语、交际目的和语境变量(包括物理世界,社交世界和心理世界)。 _信息过量的法庭应答语具有变异性,主要表现在命题内容、话语特征以及信息量三个方面。同时,应答者在回答时提供过量的信息不是机械的、固定不变的,而是各种语境变量相互作用的结果,因而具有可商讨性。在法庭情境下,社交世界和心理世界对应答者的语言选择影响最大。在研究应答者对社交世界的顺应时,我们发现应答者与提问者之间的权势关系和同等关系对应答者的语言选择影响极大。另外,我们探讨了信息过量的法庭应答语是如何顺应应答者的心理世界以及听话人的心理世界,后者在前人的研究中常常被忽视。 _我们相信,论文建立的理论框架可用于研究其他情境(如警察讯问、医生询问)中的应答语信息过量现象,论文中所分析的应答语信息过量的语言策略及其语用功能对被告和证人在如何有效地为自己辩护方面有一定的指导作用。

论文目录

• Abstract （English）
• Abstract （Chinese）
• List of Figures and Tables
• List of Abbreviations
• Chapter One Introduction
• 1.1 Introduction
• 1.2 Rationale of the present study
• 1.3 Objectives and research questions of the present study
• 1.4 Overinformative response: target of the present study
• 1.5 Notes on data and methodology
• 1.6 An overview of the thesis
• Chapter Two A Review of Related Studies
• 2. 1 Previous studies on responses in courtroom setting
• 2.1.1 The rhetorical approach
• 2.1.2 The anthropological approach
• 2.1.3 The sociolinguistic approach
• 2.1.4 The conversational analysis approach
• 2.1.5 The pragmatic approach
• 2.2 Previous studies on overinformativeness
• 2.2.1 The discourse or conversational analysis approach
• 2.2.2 The pragmatic approach
• 2.3 Comments on the previous studies
• Chapter Three Theoretical Framework
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 Theoretical background to the present study
• 3.2.1 Grice's theory of implicature
• 3.2.2 Neo-Gricean Theory
• 3.2.3 Adaptation Theory
• 3.2.3.1 Pragmatics as a functional perspective on language use
• 3.2.3.2 Adaptation Theory
• 3.3 A general picture of overinformative responding in courtroom setting
• 3.3.1 The physical setting of the courtroom
• 3.3.2 Courtroom interaction
• 3.3.3 Overinformative responding as realization of adaptation
• 3.4 Description of the conceptual framework
• 3.4.1 Initiating acts
• 3.4.2 Communicative needs
• 3.4.3 Contextual correlates
• 3.4.4 Summary
• 3.5 Summary: an adaptation model for analyzing overinformative responding in Chinese courtroom setting
• Chapter Four The Variability of Overinformative Responses
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 The notion of variability
• 4.3 Major dimensions of overinformative responses
• 4.3.1 Prepositional content
• 4.3.1.1 A head act + grounding act（s）
• 4.3.1.2 A head act + expanding act（s）
• 4.3.1.3 A head act + attitude-expressing act（s）
• 4.3.1.4 Ahead act + defending act（s）
• 4.3.1.5 A head act + self-repairing act（s）
• 4.3.2 Discourse property
• 4.3.2.1 Explicit overinformative response
• 4.3.2.2 Implicit overinformative response
• 4.3.3 Information Quantity
• 4.4 Summary
• Chapter Five The Negotiability of Overinformative Responses
• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 The notion of negotiability
• 5.3 Contextual dependence of overinformative responses
• 5.3.1 The physical world to which overinformative responses adapt
• 5.3.2 The social world to which overinformative responses adapt
• 5.3.3 The mental world to which overinformative responses adapt
• 5.3.3.1 The responder's mental world
• 5.3.3.1.1 Making his statement consistent and credible
• 5.3.3.1.2 Presenting the fact beneficial to him or his side
• 5.3.3.1.3 Demonstrating a high degree of cooperativeness
• 5.3.3.1.4 Opposing the initiator's damaging versions
• 5.3.3.2 The responder's assumption of audience's mental world
• 5.4 Summary
• Chapter Six Conclusion
• 6.1 Introduction
• 6.2 Summary of findings
• 6.3 Implications
• 6.4 Limitations
• 6.5 Suggestions for further research
• Bibliography