本文主要研究内容
作者曹艳（2019）在《不同养分供应对绿肥生长的影响及苕子培肥效应研究》一文中研究指出：绿肥的繁茂茎叶覆盖在地表能够有效地减少土壤水分从地表蒸发,增加水分入渗,减缓对地表的直接冲刷,降低了地表径流和水土流失的发生频率,有很好的水土保持效果。同时,绿肥作为一种可再生的生物肥源被翻压到土壤,腐解后释放氮磷钾等各种养分,促进主作物生长,增加土壤养分。随着化肥用量的增加以及成本投入的增长,使环境及经济压力加大。同时,持续农业发展越来越看重土壤质量,因此合理种植和利用绿肥的意义非常重大。本研究基于减少化肥施用量和培肥地力的目标,旨在探索不同品种绿肥生长的适宜施肥量、翻压量以及减施化肥的比例,为应用绿肥作物提高土地质量、建设高产稳产基本农田提供技术支撑;为适应现代农业的绿肥种植、利用的关键技术进一步集成优化提供科学依据。本文采用了盆栽试验,研究内容包括不同氮肥和磷肥用量对绿肥生长以及土壤肥力的影响;豆科绿肥(光叶苕子)不同翻压量对柑橘苗的生长以及土壤肥力的影响;等量翻压绿肥下,减施化肥对柑橘苗的生长以及土壤肥力的影响,为提高绿肥养分资源高效利用、推动我国农业绿色可持续发展提供理论依据和新的思路,研究取得了以下主要结果:(1)随着施氮量的增加,不同绿肥品种生育时期进程不同,株高、分枝数、生物量均有增加趋势。相较不施氮肥处理,豆科绿肥发芽期、出苗期、分枝期提前1-2天。豆科绿肥从播种到出苗时间相对一致,紫花苜蓿发芽出苗最早;光叶苕子最先进入分枝期、初花期、盛花期。紫花苜蓿、白三叶、油菜、黑麦草从播种到盛花期的时间相对较长,达75-84天;随施氮量的增加,五种绿肥的株高增加2.57%-78.37%,分枝数显著提高7.91%-129.33%,盛花期的鲜重和干重分别增加1.66%-293.33%和0.27%-273.43%。(2)随着施氮量的增加,绿肥养分吸收量显著增加。绿肥的氮磷钾碳吸收量分别显著增加29.03%-444.45%、16.81%-268.74%、15.94%-340.88%和1.42%-340.11%。除白三叶外,豆科绿肥氮吸收量均高于十字花科绿肥油菜和禾本科绿肥黑麦草;豆科绿肥磷吸收量先增加后降低,在60 mg/kg处理取得最大值;非豆科绿肥油菜和黑麦草钾吸收量高于豆科绿肥。不同处理间碳吸收量差异显著,黑麦草碳吸收量达到最大。(3)随着施氮量的增加,不同绿肥盛花期收获后的土壤养分变化不同。绿肥盛花期收获后土壤pH值有波动,但各处理之间差异不显著。土壤碱解氮、有机质有增加趋势,但有效磷含量却显著减小,其中黑麦草的土壤有效磷降低幅度最大,高达33.72%;土壤速效钾表现不同,光叶苕子各施肥处理差异不显著,紫花苜蓿有增加的趋势,相较对照(不施氮肥)增加了7.38%-12.75%,白三叶、油菜、黑麦草各处理间差异显著降低。(4)随着施磷量的增加,不同品种生育时期进程不同,株高、分枝数、生物量均有增加趋势。相较不施磷肥处理,豆科绿肥发芽期、出苗期、分枝期提前1-3天。各处理的豆科绿肥从播种到出苗时间相对一致,紫花苜蓿发芽出苗最早;光叶苕子最先进入分枝期、初花期、盛花期。紫花苜蓿、白三叶、油菜、黑麦草从播种到盛花期的时间相对较长,达70-80天;五种绿肥的株高增加1.58%-24.62%,分枝数显著提高9.46%-60.24%,盛花期的鲜重和干重分别增加1.49%-38.42%和1.19%-26.89%。(5)随着施磷量的增加,绿肥氮磷钾碳养分吸收量呈增加趋势,分别增加0.08%-18.47%、2.12%-97.30%、0.90%-17.17%和1.81%-34.19%。不同绿肥在盛花期的养分吸收量有差异。绿肥氮吸收量相较不施磷肥处理增加了1.26%-29.56%;白三叶磷吸收量较小,光叶苕子在150mg/kg处理时取得最大值,相较不施肥处理增加了33.10%,黑麦草碳吸收量最大。随着施磷量的增加,绿肥盛花期收获后土壤pH值、碱解氮、有效钾显著减小,但有效磷显著增加;土壤有机质呈现先增加后降低趋势。(6)通过光叶苕子不同翻压量对柑橘苗生长及养分吸收利用的研究发现,在翻压量为15000 kg/hm~2时,能够显著促进柑橘苗的生长,柑橘苗的株高、茎粗、氮磷钾养分吸收量均能达到最大,柑橘苗各器官的碳吸收量各处理间差异不显著。翻压后的土壤pH值、有效磷和速效钾呈增加趋势,但碱解氮、有机质则显著降低。(7)在光叶苕子翻压量为15000 kg/hm~2时,随着化肥减施比例的增加,除茎粗在减施15%化肥取得最大值外,柑橘苗的株高、氮磷钾养分吸收量均在减施30%化肥取得最大值,碳吸收量各处理间无显著差异。随着化肥减施比例的增加,土壤pH值、有效磷、速效钾呈增加趋势,但碱解氮、有机质显著降低。综上所述,优先选择适宜本地、养分吸收量高、施肥量小,消耗土壤地力较小的光叶苕子种植并在盛花期翻压,适宜施氮量为60 mg/kg。本试验土壤肥力下光叶苕子在施磷量为150mg/kg时,生长较好,在盛花期生物量达到最大,养分吸收量达到最佳。施磷量在75-150 mg/kg范围种植绿肥是合适的。绿肥腐解初期需要消耗养分,单施化肥基础上翻压绿肥在短期内抑制作物的生长。结合柑橘苗的生长以及土壤养分的变化,翻压量为15000 kg/hm~2有利于作物生长。减施化肥能够显著降低土壤肥力,在短期内抑制柑橘苗的生长。如果增加翻压时间,绿肥腐解养分释放完全,在翻压绿肥15000 kg/hm~2基础上,减施15%-30%的化肥可以促进柑橘苗的生长,增加养分的吸收以及提高土壤的肥力。
Abstract
lu fei de fan mao jing xie fu gai zai de biao neng gou you xiao de jian shao tu rang shui fen cong de biao zheng fa ,zeng jia shui fen ru shen ,jian huan dui de biao de zhi jie chong shua ,jiang di le de biao jing liu he shui tu liu shi de fa sheng pin lv ,you hen hao de shui tu bao chi xiao guo 。tong shi ,lu fei zuo wei yi chong ke zai sheng de sheng wu fei yuan bei fan ya dao tu rang ,fu jie hou shi fang dan lin jia deng ge chong yang fen ,cu jin zhu zuo wu sheng chang ,zeng jia tu rang yang fen 。sui zhao hua fei yong liang de zeng jia yi ji cheng ben tou ru de zeng chang ,shi huan jing ji jing ji ya li jia da 。tong shi ,chi xu nong ye fa zhan yue lai yue kan chong tu rang zhi liang ,yin ci ge li chong zhi he li yong lu fei de yi yi fei chang chong da 。ben yan jiu ji yu jian shao hua fei shi yong liang he pei fei de li de mu biao ,zhi zai tan suo bu tong pin chong lu fei sheng chang de kuo yi shi fei liang 、fan ya liang yi ji jian shi hua fei de bi li ,wei ying yong lu fei zuo wu di gao tu de zhi liang 、jian she gao chan wen chan ji ben nong tian di gong ji shu zhi cheng ;wei kuo ying xian dai nong ye de lu fei chong zhi 、li yong de guan jian ji shu jin yi bu ji cheng you hua di gong ke xue yi ju 。ben wen cai yong le pen zai shi yan ,yan jiu nei rong bao gua bu tong dan fei he lin fei yong liang dui lu fei sheng chang yi ji tu rang fei li de ying xiang ;dou ke lu fei (guang xie shao zi )bu tong fan ya liang dui gan ju miao de sheng chang yi ji tu rang fei li de ying xiang ;deng liang fan ya lu fei xia ,jian shi hua fei dui gan ju miao de sheng chang yi ji tu rang fei li de ying xiang ,wei di gao lu fei yang fen zi yuan gao xiao li yong 、tui dong wo guo nong ye lu se ke chi xu fa zhan di gong li lun yi ju he xin de sai lu ,yan jiu qu de le yi xia zhu yao jie guo :(1)sui zhao shi dan liang de zeng jia ,bu tong lu fei pin chong sheng yo shi ji jin cheng bu tong ,zhu gao 、fen zhi shu 、sheng wu liang jun you zeng jia qu shi 。xiang jiao bu shi dan fei chu li ,dou ke lu fei fa ya ji 、chu miao ji 、fen zhi ji di qian 1-2tian 。dou ke lu fei cong bo chong dao chu miao shi jian xiang dui yi zhi ,zi hua mu xu fa ya chu miao zui zao ;guang xie shao zi zui xian jin ru fen zhi ji 、chu hua ji 、cheng hua ji 。zi hua mu xu 、bai san xie 、you cai 、hei mai cao cong bo chong dao cheng hua ji de shi jian xiang dui jiao chang ,da 75-84tian ;sui shi dan liang de zeng jia ,wu chong lu fei de zhu gao zeng jia 2.57%-78.37%,fen zhi shu xian zhe di gao 7.91%-129.33%,cheng hua ji de xian chong he gan chong fen bie zeng jia 1.66%-293.33%he 0.27%-273.43%。(2)sui zhao shi dan liang de zeng jia ,lu fei yang fen xi shou liang xian zhe zeng jia 。lu fei de dan lin jia tan xi shou liang fen bie xian zhe zeng jia 29.03%-444.45%、16.81%-268.74%、15.94%-340.88%he 1.42%-340.11%。chu bai san xie wai ,dou ke lu fei dan xi shou liang jun gao yu shi zi hua ke lu fei you cai he he ben ke lu fei hei mai cao ;dou ke lu fei lin xi shou liang xian zeng jia hou jiang di ,zai 60 mg/kgchu li qu de zui da zhi ;fei dou ke lu fei you cai he hei mai cao jia xi shou liang gao yu dou ke lu fei 。bu tong chu li jian tan xi shou liang cha yi xian zhe ,hei mai cao tan xi shou liang da dao zui da 。(3)sui zhao shi dan liang de zeng jia ,bu tong lu fei cheng hua ji shou huo hou de tu rang yang fen bian hua bu tong 。lu fei cheng hua ji shou huo hou tu rang pHzhi you bo dong ,dan ge chu li zhi jian cha yi bu xian zhe 。tu rang jian jie dan 、you ji zhi you zeng jia qu shi ,dan you xiao lin han liang que xian zhe jian xiao ,ji zhong hei mai cao de tu rang you xiao lin jiang di fu du zui da ,gao da 33.72%;tu rang su xiao jia biao xian bu tong ,guang xie shao zi ge shi fei chu li cha yi bu xian zhe ,zi hua mu xu you zeng jia de qu shi ,xiang jiao dui zhao (bu shi dan fei )zeng jia le 7.38%-12.75%,bai san xie 、you cai 、hei mai cao ge chu li jian cha yi xian zhe jiang di 。(4)sui zhao shi lin liang de zeng jia ,bu tong pin chong sheng yo shi ji jin cheng bu tong ,zhu gao 、fen zhi shu 、sheng wu liang jun you zeng jia qu shi 。xiang jiao bu shi lin fei chu li ,dou ke lu fei fa ya ji 、chu miao ji 、fen zhi ji di qian 1-3tian 。ge chu li de dou ke lu fei cong bo chong dao chu miao shi jian xiang dui yi zhi ,zi hua mu xu fa ya chu miao zui zao ;guang xie shao zi zui xian jin ru fen zhi ji 、chu hua ji 、cheng hua ji 。zi hua mu xu 、bai san xie 、you cai 、hei mai cao cong bo chong dao cheng hua ji de shi jian xiang dui jiao chang ,da 70-80tian ;wu chong lu fei de zhu gao zeng jia 1.58%-24.62%,fen zhi shu xian zhe di gao 9.46%-60.24%,cheng hua ji de xian chong he gan chong fen bie zeng jia 1.49%-38.42%he 1.19%-26.89%。(5)sui zhao shi lin liang de zeng jia ,lu fei dan lin jia tan yang fen xi shou liang cheng zeng jia qu shi ,fen bie zeng jia 0.08%-18.47%、2.12%-97.30%、0.90%-17.17%he 1.81%-34.19%。bu tong lu fei zai cheng hua ji de yang fen xi shou liang you cha yi 。lu fei dan xi shou liang xiang jiao bu shi lin fei chu li zeng jia le 1.26%-29.56%;bai san xie lin xi shou liang jiao xiao ,guang xie shao zi zai 150mg/kgchu li shi qu de zui da zhi ,xiang jiao bu shi fei chu li zeng jia le 33.10%,hei mai cao tan xi shou liang zui da 。sui zhao shi lin liang de zeng jia ,lu fei cheng hua ji shou huo hou tu rang pHzhi 、jian jie dan 、you xiao jia xian zhe jian xiao ,dan you xiao lin xian zhe zeng jia ;tu rang you ji zhi cheng xian xian zeng jia hou jiang di qu shi 。(6)tong guo guang xie shao zi bu tong fan ya liang dui gan ju miao sheng chang ji yang fen xi shou li yong de yan jiu fa xian ,zai fan ya liang wei 15000 kg/hm~2shi ,neng gou xian zhe cu jin gan ju miao de sheng chang ,gan ju miao de zhu gao 、jing cu 、dan lin jia yang fen xi shou liang jun neng da dao zui da ,gan ju miao ge qi guan de tan xi shou liang ge chu li jian cha yi bu xian zhe 。fan ya hou de tu rang pHzhi 、you xiao lin he su xiao jia cheng zeng jia qu shi ,dan jian jie dan 、you ji zhi ze xian zhe jiang di 。(7)zai guang xie shao zi fan ya liang wei 15000 kg/hm~2shi ,sui zhao hua fei jian shi bi li de zeng jia ,chu jing cu zai jian shi 15%hua fei qu de zui da zhi wai ,gan ju miao de zhu gao 、dan lin jia yang fen xi shou liang jun zai jian shi 30%hua fei qu de zui da zhi ,tan xi shou liang ge chu li jian mo xian zhe cha yi 。sui zhao hua fei jian shi bi li de zeng jia ,tu rang pHzhi 、you xiao lin 、su xiao jia cheng zeng jia qu shi ,dan jian jie dan 、you ji zhi xian zhe jiang di 。zeng shang suo shu ,you xian shua ze kuo yi ben de 、yang fen xi shou liang gao 、shi fei liang xiao ,xiao hao tu rang de li jiao xiao de guang xie shao zi chong zhi bing zai cheng hua ji fan ya ,kuo yi shi dan liang wei 60 mg/kg。ben shi yan tu rang fei li xia guang xie shao zi zai shi lin liang wei 150mg/kgshi ,sheng chang jiao hao ,zai cheng hua ji sheng wu liang da dao zui da ,yang fen xi shou liang da dao zui jia 。shi lin liang zai 75-150 mg/kgfan wei chong zhi lu fei shi ge kuo de 。lu fei fu jie chu ji xu yao xiao hao yang fen ,chan shi hua fei ji chu shang fan ya lu fei zai duan ji nei yi zhi zuo wu de sheng chang 。jie ge gan ju miao de sheng chang yi ji tu rang yang fen de bian hua ,fan ya liang wei 15000 kg/hm~2you li yu zuo wu sheng chang 。jian shi hua fei neng gou xian zhe jiang di tu rang fei li ,zai duan ji nei yi zhi gan ju miao de sheng chang 。ru guo zeng jia fan ya shi jian ,lu fei fu jie yang fen shi fang wan quan ,zai fan ya lu fei 15000 kg/hm~2ji chu shang ,jian shi 15%-30%de hua fei ke yi cu jin gan ju miao de sheng chang ,zeng jia yang fen de xi shou yi ji di gao tu rang de fei li 。
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论文作者分别是来自西南大学的曹艳，发表于刊物西南大学2019-09-24论文，是一篇关于绿肥论文,施氮量论文,施磷量论文,养分吸收量论文,土壤肥力论文,西南大学2019-09-24论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自西南大学2019-09-24论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。