英语新闻模糊语的语用及翻译

论文摘要

新闻报道的主要目的是真实准确地反映客观事实,而且新闻报道强调其内容的准确性、语言文字的简洁度和语句结构的清晰感,但本文作者认为我们没有理由否认新闻英语中模糊语的合理性,因为准确并不等于精确,模糊作为语言固有的属性普遍存在于各种英语文体中,当然也包括新闻英语中。只有将精确语言和模糊语言有机地结合起来,才能有助于取得更佳的新闻传播效果。在过去的几十年间,国内外许多专家和学者对模糊语言和新闻翻译进行了大量的研究。在广泛研读相关论著和期刊文章之后,本文作者发现了两个问题尚有值得进一步探索的空间:（1）国内的模糊语言研究主要是对模糊语义的探讨,而且大多停留在词汇层面,因而在模糊语用方面还有很大的探讨空间;（2）功能对等理论和关联理论近年来备受关注而且引起了激烈的讨论,本文作者认为他们各有各的优势和局限性,而正是这些局限性使得这两大理论在指导新闻模糊语的翻译实践中显得比较单薄。因此,我们需要探讨一种更为积极有效的翻译方法,从而使这两种理论既可以保持原有的优势,又可以互相补充而得以更加完整。本文作者尝试把合作原则、关联理论和礼貌原则运用于新闻模糊语的语用分析。通过分析,作者指出了在新闻中恰当地使用模糊语有助于取得更佳的传播效果,并提出了新闻模糊语具有增加可信度、增加生动性、避免武断、符合读者认知习惯、避免负面传播效果、体现礼貌尊重等等语用功能。本文作者认为关联和对等是理解和表达的灵魂,最佳对等是新闻翻译的终极目标,而只有将关联和对等这二者有机地结合在一起才能实现最佳对等。在对功能对等理论和关联理论进行详细的比较之后,作者提出将这两大理论结合起来,从而得到一种更积极有效的翻译方法,即最佳关联-最佳对等方法,以更好地指导新闻模糊语的翻译实践。本文认为最佳关联-最佳对等方法有助于使新闻翻译的理论和实践相结合,从而达到最佳传播效果。本文结合实例就新闻模糊语的翻译问题提出了一些具体的对策,如:以模糊译模糊;以精确译模糊;将模糊概念译成汉语四字格词组;将模糊表达法译成句子等。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• Abstract
• 中文摘要
• Chapter One Introduction
• 1.1 Motivation and Theoretical Foundation
• 1.2 Research Questions
• 1.3 Structure of the Thesis
• Chapter Two Literature Review
• 2.1 Common Knowledge about News
• 2.1.1 Definition of News
• 2.1.2 News Determinants
• 2.1.3 Classification of News
• 2.1.4 The Stylistic Features of News
• 2.2 An Overview of Studies on Fuzziness and Fuzzy Language
• 2.2.1 Fuzziness vs Vagueness
• 2.2.2 Fuzzy Studies Home and Abroad
• Chapter Three Pragmatic Analysis of Fuzzy Language in News
• 3.1 Cooperative Principle and Fuzzy language in news
• 3.1.1 Gricean’s Cooperative Principle
• 3.1.2 Applying CP to Fuzzy Language in News
• 3.2 Relevance Theory and Fuzzy Language in News
• 3.2.1 Relevance Theory
• 3.2.2 Applying RT to Fuzzy Language in News
• 3.3 Politeness Principle （mainly FTA） and Fuzzy Language in News
• 3.3.1 Politeness Principle （mainly FTA）
• 3.3.2 Applying PT （mainly FTA） to Fuzzy Language in News
• 3.4 Pragmatic Categorization of Fuzzy Language
• 3.4.1 Continuum Words
• 3.4.2 Abstract Words
• 3.4.3 Words without Referents
• 3.4.4 Subordinate Clause
• 3.4.5 Hedges
• 3.4.6 Some Set Patterns or expressions
• 3.5 Positive Functions of Fuzzy Language in News
• 3.5.1 Conforming to the Peculiarities
• 3.5.2 Increasing the Credibility
• 3.5.3 Contributing Vividness and Liveliness
• 3.5.4 Enhancing Self-protection and Avoiding Absoluteness or Arbitrariness
• 3.5.5 Catering to Readers’Cognitive Habits
• 3.5.6 Avoiding Negative Effect
• 3.5.7 Achieving Politeness
• Chapter Four Translation Principles and Tactics for Fuzzy Language in News
• 4.1 An Overview of Relative Studies on News Translation
• 4.2 Newmark’s Communicative Method and News Translation
• 4.3 Principles for News Translation
• 4.4 The Unity of Functional Equivalence Theory and Relevance Translation Theory
• 4.4.1 Functional Equivalence Theory
• 4.4.2 Relevance Translation Theory
• 4.4.3 The Comparison of FET and RTT
• 4.4.4 The Necessity of Uniting the Two Translation Theories
• 4.4.5 The Theoretical Foundation of the Unity
• 4.4.6 Optimal Relevance-Optimal Equivalence Approach
• 4.5 Tactics for Translating Fuzzy Language in English News
• 4.5.1 Fuzzy Expression vs. Fuzzy Expression
• 4.5.2 Synonym （Substitution）
• 4.5.3 Accurate Expression vs. Fuzzy Expression
• 4.5.4 Deletion
• 4.5.5 Addition
• 4.5.6 Conversion of Word Class
• 4.5.7 Turning Comparative Degree of Adjective into its Positive or Absolute Degree
• 4.5.8 Condensing Fuzzy Ideas into Four- character Chinese Phrases
• 4.5.9 Turning Affirmative Fuzzy Expression into Negative One or Vice Versa
• 4.5.10 Turning Fuzzy Expression into Sentence
• 4.5.11 Standing out Rhetoric Features
• 4.5.12 Displacement
• Chapter Five Conclusion
• 5.1 Summary of the Present Study
• 5.2 Limitations of the thesis and Suggestions for Future Research
• Bibliography