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基于语料库的英汉小说语篇中话语标记功能研究

2020-12-11阅读(957)

基于语料库的英汉小说语篇中话语标记功能研究

论文摘要

近年来话语标记研究方兴未艾。研究兴趣主要集中在话语标记的内涵、意义和功能方面。话语标记研究的兴起不仅表现在研究语言多样性,还体现在其多元理论研究视角。本研究关注基于语料库的英汉小说语篇中话语标记功能分析。英汉两种语言在词汇、句法等各个层面存在许多异同。这些异同从话语标记功能角度同样得到体现。话语标记是在话语中起语用作用的词语或结构,表明小句之间的逻辑关系。话语标记的核心意义在于其程序性意义而非概念性意义,解读每个话语标记的意义需参照具体语境。本研究的目的是分析话语标记在英汉小说语篇中功能的差异,并分析其在解读小说语篇中的作用。本研究首先从两大在线语料库：美国当代英语语料库和北大汉语语料库中提取语料。为了确保语料的可比性,语料来源局限在两个语料库中的小说子库。利用检索软件WordSmith Tools 4.0提取语料分析相关数据,对比分析不同类型话语标记的分布和出现频率。本研究选取三类话语标记——对比、补充、推导类话语标记,从美国当代语料库和北大汉语语料库中选取语料对这三类话语标记的功能进行分析。按照在英汉语料库中出现频率的高低分别选出较常用且使用较灵活的一组词语进行个案分析。这三组话语标记分别为：but和但是；you know, I mean和你知道;so和所以。通过对单一语类——小说语篇中的话语标记功能进行分析,探究不同类型话语标记的使用规律及其在句中分布特点。在言语行为理论和关联理论基础上,本研究对这三类话语标记进行系统、细致分析。毋庸置疑,话语标记在语篇组织功能上主要体现其连接特性,在语篇结构层面发挥重要作用。本研究表明,首先,话语标记的命题含义主要体现在语篇微观层面。其次,话语标记对语篇另一贡献体现在语篇语义和信息结构层面。再次,话语标记的分布体现出一定规律。另外,较之汉语小说语篇,话语标记在英语小说语篇中分布更为广泛,这符合英语形合、汉语意合的特征。再者,在关联理论框架下,听者在寻求关联时是被操纵的。如果话语可以产生足够的语境效果,听者在处理新信息时只需付出最小努力,即可获得最佳关联。相对于同类研究,本研究通过在英汉小说语篇中对话语标记进行对比分析,进一步把握话语标记的本质。鉴于鲜有专门针对小说语篇中的话语标记功能进行基于语料库的分析,本研究做了有益尝试,并提出了英汉小说语篇中话语标记功能对比的分析框架。

论文目录

  • Abstract
  • 摘要
  • List of Abbreviations
  • List of Tables
  • List of Figures
  • Chapter One Introduction
  • 1.1 Background of the Study
  • 1.2 Rationale for the Study
  • 1.3 Objectives of the Study
  • 1.4 Significance of the Study
  • 1.5 Organization of the Dissertation
  • Chapter Two Literature Review
  • 2.1 Terminological Diversity
  • 2.2 Previous Studies of Discourse Markers in English
  • 2.2.1 Variationist Approach to Discourse Markers
  • 2.2.2 Grammatical-pragmatic Approach to Discourse Markers
  • 2.2.3 Relevance-theoretic Approach to Discourse Markers
  • 2.2.4 Tripartite Model Approach to Discourse Markers
  • 2.3 Previous Studies of Discourse Markers in Chinese
  • 2.3.1 Traditional Approach to Discourse Markers in Chinese
  • 2.3.2 Pragmatic Approach to Discourse Markers in Conversation
  • 2.3.3 Situated Discourse Approach to Discourse Markers
  • Chapter Three Theoretical Foundations
  • 3.1 A Working Definition of Discourse Markers
  • 3.2 The Classification of Discourse Markers
  • 3.2.1 Contrastive Discourse Markers
  • 3.2.2 Elaborative Discourse Markers
  • 3.2.3 Implicative Discourse Markers
  • 3.3 Theoretical Foundations
  • 3.3.1 Speech Act Theory
  • 3.3.2 Relevance Theory
  • 3.3.3 Theoretical Framework for Analyzing Discourse Markers
  • Chapter Four Methodology
  • 4.1 Research Questions
  • 4.2 Sources of Data
  • 4.3 Data Collection
  • 4.4 Analytical Tools
  • 4.5 Procedures of Data Analysis
  • Chapter Five Contrastive Discourse Markers
  • 5.1 The Overview of Contrastive Discourse Markers
  • 5.2 Contrastive Discourse Markers Selected for Analysis
  • 5.3 Functions of but and dan shi
  • 5.3.1 Functions of but
  • 5.3.1.1 Direct S1 Message
  • 5.3.1.2 Indirect S1 Message
  • 5.3.1.3 S2 Contradicts a Presupposition of S1
  • 5.3.1.4 Entailed S1 Message
  • 5.3.1.5 S2 Implied S1 Message
  • 5.3.2 Functions of dan shi
  • 5.3.2.1 Denial of Expectation
  • 5.3.2.2 Semantic Opposition
  • 5.4 Comparative Analysis of Contrastive Discourse Markers in English and Chinese Fictional Discourse
  • Chapter Six Elaborative Discourse Markers
  • 6.1 The Overview of Elaborative Discourse Markers
  • 6.2 Elaborative Discourse Markers Selected for Analysis
  • 6.3 Functions of I mean, you know and ni zhi dao
  • 6.3.1 I mean
  • 6.3.1.1 Grammaticalization and Lexicalization of I mean
  • 6.3.1.2 Functions of I mean
  • 6.3.2 You know
  • 6.3.2.1 Variables of you know
  • 6.3.2.2 Functions of you know
  • 6.3.3 Ni zhi dao
  • 6.3.3.1 Variables of ni zhi dao
  • 6.3.3.2 Functions of ni zhi dao
  • 6.4 The Comparative Analysis of Elaborative Discourse Markers in English and Chinese Fictional Discourse
  • Chapter Seven Inferential Discourse Markers
  • 7.1 The Overview of Inferential Discourse Markers
  • 7.2 Inferential Discourse Markers Selected for Analysis
  • 7.3 Functions of so and suo yi
  • 7.3.1 Functions of so
  • 7.3.1.1 Propositional Attitude
  • 7.3.1.2 Result in Idea Structure
  • 7.3.2 Functions of suo yi
  • 7.3.2.1 Consequential Connective
  • 7.3.2.2 Resumptive Opener
  • 7.3.2.3 Topic-initiator Function
  • 7.4 Comparative Analysis of Inferential Discourse Markers in English and Chinese Fictional Discourse
  • Chapter Eight Conclusion
  • 8.1 Major Findings of the Study
  • 8.2 Implications of the Study
  • 8.3 Limitations and Suggestions for Further Studies
  • References
  • Acknowledgements
  • Publications
  • 学位论文评阅及答辩情况表

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    基于语料库的英汉小说语篇中话语标记功能研究
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