译者主体性的表象及动因 ——《德伯家的苔丝》两译本对比研究

译者主体性的表象及动因 ——《德伯家的苔丝》两译本对比研究

论文摘要

译者是翻译过程中的一个重要因素,在传统翻译中却长期受到隐蔽,传统翻译认为“忠实”于原文是翻译标准,译者必须客观的再现原文,“隐身”于翻译作品当中。但上世纪七十年代,西方翻译理论界出现了“文化转向”,这一研究为翻译领域提供了一个全新的视角,从而使翻译的主体地位得到了应有的重视。译者也经历了一个从幕后到幕前,从隐形人到主体的漫长过程。译者主体性的研究也渐渐成为翻译研究中的一个热点课题。目前很多理论如目的论、解构主义、阐释学和改写等翻译理论为译者主体性的研究提供了理论视角,都强调译者是翻译的积极参与者,突出译者在翻译过程中的重要位置。国内也有很多学者,如许钧,袁莉,陈大亮等,从不同视角研究本课题。本文提出了主体和主体性的定义,阐述了关于翻译主体和译者主体性之间的概念性差异,探讨了翻译主体及译者主体性的内涵,总结了目前理论界对译者主体性问题的研究现状、成果和存在的问题,指出译者的主体性是指作为翻译主体的译者为了实现翻译目的在尊重原作者、原文和目的语读者的前提下,所发挥的主观能动性。同时还本文具体分析了译者主体性的两个基本特征:主观能动性和被动性,并从阐释学、目的论以及改写理论等现代翻译学理论的角度论证了其存在的客观依据,从而进一步从分析了这些特征在具体翻译过程中的表现,如译者对译本和翻译策略的选择,对原文的理解都体现了译者的主观能动性,而译者受到诸如原文本、社会政治环境、读者及赞助人的约束则体现了译者的被动性。本文还分别选取张谷若、孙法理翻译的哈代的代表作之一—《德伯家的苔丝》(简称《苔丝》/Tess),为研究对象,通过译例分析论证了译者主动性和被动性在译本中的具体表现。张译本主要采用了归化的策略,译文选词精当,句式富于变化,再现了原文意境的内涵和神韵,而孙译本主要采用了异化的策略,把原著中的人物形象、自然景观逼真地传译给读者。本文揭示出译者作为狭义的翻译主体,在翻译目的的指导下,虽然受到各种制约和限制,具有一定的被动性,其主观能动性仍能发挥积极的作用,从而为译者主体性的研究提供了实证分析,为翻译实践和翻译批评提供新的视角。

论文目录

  • Acknowledgements
  • Abstract
  • 摘要
  • Contents
  • Chapter One Introduction
  • 1.1 A General Description of the Thesis
  • 1.2 The Significance of the Study
  • 1.3 The Overall Structure of the Thesis
  • Chapter Two Literature Review
  • 2.1 Definition of Translator's Subjectivity
  • 2.1.1 Subject and Subjectivity
  • 2.1.2 The Translator's Subjectivity
  • 2.2 A Review of Translator's Subjectivity
  • 2.2.1 Perspectives on Translator's Subjectivity Offered by Overseas Scholars
  • 2.2.2 Perspectives on Translator's Subjectivity Offered by Domestic Scholars
  • 2.3 The Current Studies on the Two Chinese Versions of Tess
  • Chapter Three Characteristics of the Translator's Subjectivity and their Manifestations
  • 3.1 Modern theories and Characteristics of the Translator's Subjectivity
  • 3.1.1 Hermeneutics and the Translator's Initiative
  • 3.1.2 Theory of Rewriting,Skopos Theory and the Translator's Passivity
  • 3.2 The Translator's Initiative Shown in Translation
  • 3.2.1 Selecting the Source Text
  • 3.2.2 Understanding the Source Text
  • 3.2.3 Selecting the Translation Strategies
  • 3.3 Constraints of the Translator's Subjectivity
  • 3.3.1 Constraints from Internal Factors
  • 3.3.2 Constraints of External Factors
  • 3.4 Summary
  • Chapter Four Translator's Subjectivity in Tess
  • 4.1 Hardy and Tess Of The D'urbervilles
  • 4.2 The Characteristics of this Novel
  • 4.3 The Initiative of the Translators
  • 4.3.1 Choosing Tess as the Source Text
  • 4.3.2 Translation Strategies:Foreignization VS Domestication
  • 4.3.3 A Detailed Comparison of the Two Versions
  • 4.3.3.1 The Translation of the Individual Words
  • 4.3.3.2 The Translation of Dialect
  • 4.3.3.3 Culture-loaded Words
  • 4.4 Translator's Passivity
  • 4.4.1 Translator's Historical and Political Background
  • 4.4.2 Intended Readership
  • 4.4.3 The Influence of the Patron
  • 4.4.4 Translators,Personal Factors
  • 4.5 Summary
  • Chapter Five Conclusion
  • 5.1 Summary of the Analysis
  • 5.2 Limitations of the Present Study
  • 5.3 Suggestions for Future Studies
  • References
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    译者主体性的表象及动因 ——《德伯家的苔丝》两译本对比研究
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