成就与挑战并存——对民权运动以来非洲裔美国人融入主流社会进程的再思考

论文摘要

自上世纪60年代的民权运动以来,非洲裔美国人在融入主流社会的进程中取得了很大的成就。不论是在收入水平、就业领域还是教育程度上,都取得了明显的进步。同时,黑人的政治参与度不断提高,选举力量也不断扩大;白人对黑人的态度也日趋缓和。总的来说,非洲裔美国人在文化融合上已经达到较高的水平,而且已经处在次级结构融合的初级阶段。但是,在融入主流社会的进程中,非洲裔美国人仍然面临着诸多挑战。不论是在经济层面,还是在政治领域,他们与白人的差距仍然很大。而且,对非洲裔美国人的歧视并没有完全消失,非裔美国人的初级结构融合程度仍然还很低。更严重的是,非洲裔美国人内部开始出现了两极分化的危险。通过分析成就和挑战,本文探讨了非洲裔美国人的融入程度,并得出结论:在融入主流社会的进程中,非洲裔美国人还有很长一段路要走。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• Abstract
• 中文摘要
• Introduction
• Chapter 1 The Development of Black America
• 1.1 Slavery
• 1.2 The Jim Crow Segregation
• 1.3 The Civil Rights Movement
• Chapter 2 Assimilation of African Americans
• 2.1 Definition of Assimilation
• 2.2 Cultural Assimilation
• 2.3 Structural Assimilation
• 2.3.1 Primary Structural Assimilation
• 2.3.2 Secondary Structural Assimilation
• Chapter 3 Achievements of African Americans in Their Assimilation into the Mainstream Society
• 3.1 The Economic Status of African Americans
• 3.1.1 Earnings of Employed Workers
• 3.1.2 Occupational Mobility
• 3.1.3 Educational Attainment
• 3.2 The Political Power of African Americans
• 3.3 Positive Changes in the Attitudes of Whites Towards Blacks
• 3.4 Case Study: Barack Obama Elected as the First African American President
• Chapter 4 Challenges of African Americans in Their Assimilation into the Mainstream Society
• 4.1 Discrepancy Between African Americans and Whites
• 4.1.1 Gap Between African Americans and Whites in Economic Status
• 4.1.2 Gap Between African Americans and Whites in Political Power
• 4.2 More Subtle and Indirect Form of Discrimination
• 4.2.1 Indirect Discrimination
• 4.2.2 The More Subtle Racist Ideology
• 4.3 Imbalanced Development within the Black Community
• 4.4 Case Study: Barack Obama with “Black Skin but a White Heart”
• 4.5 Case Study: Harvard Professor Gates Arrested at Cambridge Home
• Conclusion
• Appendix I
• Appendix II
• Bibliography
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