本文主要研究内容
作者贾里(2019)在《多参数耦合条件下生物焦的制备及其对Hg~0吸附机理研究》一文中研究指出:由于自然和人为的原因进入环境中的汞(Hg)具有致癌、致畸、致突变等毒性,对人体健康危害极大,已逐渐被公众关注。其中,煤炭燃烧后释放的汞占中国总汞排放量的50%,已成为中国大气中汞的主要来源。根据我国目前情况,能够与现有ESP(电除尘器)和FF(布袋除尘器)等设备联用的吸附剂喷射法是具有发展前景的燃煤烟气汞排放控制技术。因此,开发高效廉价的可替代汞吸附剂具有重要的实际应用价值。同时,生物焦作为生物质热解的固体产物,具有复杂的孔隙结构和良好的表面化学特性,国际上利用生物焦脱除燃烧污染物的研究已得到广泛开展。电厂锅炉煤燃烧后生成的烟气可以形成高温热解条件,为生物质的热解过程提供必需的能量,进而脱除烟气中的汞。借助这种特性,可以完成吸附剂(生物焦)的制备过程,既能在没有专门制备过程的条件下脱除汞,又能利用可再生能源的工艺,汞减排成本相对较低,有可能成为汞减排可靠且具有巨大潜力的手段,同时国内外尚未有相关研究报道。本论文以核桃壳生物质作为原料,研究不同热解方式、颗粒粒径、热解气氛和改性条件下的生物焦汞的吸附过程。借助多种表征分析手段,在构建生物焦分子结构的基础上,利用密度泛函理论,结合吸附动力学过程,获得生物焦的汞吸附特性及机理。(1)热解方式和颗粒粒径对生物焦单质汞吸附特性的影响及机理研究核桃壳生物质热解过程可分为三个阶段。随着粒径的减小,热解反应面积增大,传质传热对热解过程的影响减小,有利于热解过程的进行,使挥发分析出量逐渐增多。升温速率与粒径相比,对生物质热解过程的影响更大。随着定温制备条件中热解温度和变温制备条件中热解终温的升高,生物焦的汞吸附能力由强到弱依次为600℃、800℃、1000℃和400℃。其中,600℃作为热解温度和热解终温时,汞吸附能力远大于其他温度。随着颗粒粒径在58μm-270μm范围内减小,汞吸附能力呈整体逐渐增强的趋势。随着升温速率的增加,生物焦的汞吸附能力先增强后减弱,当升温速率为10℃/min时,生物焦样品的汞吸附性能较好。随着热解温度的增加,外部传质过程与表面化学吸附过程对其汞吸附过程的影响相当。随着制备粒径的减小,生物焦汞吸附过程中的控速步骤由物理吸附转为化学吸附,且准一级和准二级速率常数逐渐增大。(2)热解气氛对生物焦单质汞吸附特性的影响及机理研究不同热解气氛会影响生物质的热解过程,造成生物焦微观特性的差异,进而影响其汞吸附特性。生物质在O2气氛下的热解过程较为复杂,主要有三种热解路径。对于核桃壳生物质,在5%-7%O2浓度之间可能存在临界浓度,该浓度以下生物质的氧化异相反应是由氧的扩散过程控制,而超出该浓度后,反应由动力学控制,且反应加速进行。CO2可通过Boudouard反应在750℃以后与生物焦直接发生气化反应。相比N2气氛热解条件,O2会降低生物焦对Hg0的吸附能力,同时随着O2浓度的增大,其汞吸附能力先增强再减弱;CO2则会提高生物焦对Hg0的吸附能力,且随着浓度的增大,吸附能力逐渐增强,20%CO2作为热解气氛时,热解形成的生物焦汞吸附能力最强。汞吸附过程与生物焦的吸附位点有关,而不是单一的单层吸附。单质汞在生物焦表面吸附的过程中,通过不同方式所吸附的汞是以一种混合形式赋存在生物焦表面,其中生物焦通过化学吸附的主要产物为Hg-OM和Hg O。(3)铁基改性生物焦的单质汞吸附特性及机理研究改性后生物焦的Hg0吸附能力显著增强,其中Fe-2%Mn/BC样品的单位累积汞吸附量最大。对于通过Fe Cl3、Mn(CH3COO)2和Cu SO4改性方式所获得的改性生物焦样品,随着负载量的增大,样品的汞吸附性能也呈现先增强再减弱的趋势,其中10%Fe/BC、Fe-4%Cu/BC和Fe-2%Mn/BC样品的汞吸附性能分别高于其所对应改性方式中的其他负载量制备条件。随着KMn O4负载量的增加,所获得的改性生物焦样品的汞吸附性能逐渐减弱。改性导致生物焦的石墨化程度降低,Fe-2%KMn O4/BC样品的微晶结构朝无序方向转变的程度最大。改性生物焦中存在金属单质和相应的多种形式的金属氧化物。Fe-4%Cu/BC和Fe-2%Mn/BC样品的结晶尺寸相比未改性生物焦明显减小,同时生成了具有尖晶石结构的Cu Fe2O4(铜铁氧化物)和Mn Fe2O4(锰尖晶石),并在生物焦表面形成大量阳离子空位,利于Hg0的吸附。相比未改性生物质,改性生物质的热解过程更加剧烈和充分。改性后生物焦样品的BET比表面积、累积孔体积和孔隙丰富度均获得了不同程度的提升。改性生物焦表面的羰基、羧基含量增加,同时出现了金属配位羟基官能团(M-OH)。对于改性生物焦,Hg O和Hg-OM则为被吸附Hg0的主要赋存形式,改性过程对生物焦Hg0的化学吸附有明显的促进作用。Hg0的脱除是吸附与氧化共同作用的结果,被吸附的Hg0在进而所发生的氧化过程中,生物焦表面的官能团、晶格氧、化学吸附氧、卤素成分以及金属氧化物或离子都发挥了作用。Fe2O3和Cu O(以及Mn O2和Fe2O3)双金属氧化物在脱除Hg0方面起到协同作用,Mn7+和Mn6+由于自身的氧化性过强,会与Fe3+发生对Hg0的“竞争氧化”。当Hg0被吸附和氧化后,形成单层或多层的“次级吸附中心层”,其他Hg0可以进一步吸附在“次级吸附中心层”外,进而被氧化。(4)生物焦分子结构及单质汞吸附机理研究核桃壳生物焦主要由C、H、O和N元素构成,生物焦分子结构中芳香碳是主要组成部分,脂肪碳则起到联结芳香结构单元的作用。生物焦结构中存在一定数量的石墨微晶结构,且条纹间距为0.3624nm。生物焦分子结构模型以芳香结构为主,并含有1个甲基、4个羟基以及8个羰基,分子式为C55H37NO14,分子量Mr为935。UFF力场下优化后的三维结构总势能最大,MM2力场下势能最小。通过量子化学半经验PM6方法对三种优化后构象的生成热进行计算可得Dreiding力场下优化的结构更稳定。Hg0在生物焦表面的吸附过程主要取决于吸附位点所带的电荷情况,如果吸附位所带的是负电荷且电荷数较大,则利于生物焦表面对单质汞的吸附,而且吸附位的邻位原子所带电荷情况也会对吸附位的吸附活性产生较大影响。
Abstract
you yu zi ran he ren wei de yuan yin jin ru huan jing zhong de gong (Hg)ju you zhi ai 、zhi ji 、zhi tu bian deng du xing ,dui ren ti jian kang wei hai ji da ,yi zhu jian bei gong zhong guan zhu 。ji zhong ,mei tan ran shao hou shi fang de gong zhan zhong guo zong gong pai fang liang de 50%,yi cheng wei zhong guo da qi zhong gong de zhu yao lai yuan 。gen ju wo guo mu qian qing kuang ,neng gou yu xian you ESP(dian chu chen qi )he FF(bu dai chu chen qi )deng she bei lian yong de xi fu ji pen she fa shi ju you fa zhan qian jing de ran mei yan qi gong pai fang kong zhi ji shu 。yin ci ,kai fa gao xiao lian jia de ke ti dai gong xi fu ji ju you chong yao de shi ji ying yong jia zhi 。tong shi ,sheng wu jiao zuo wei sheng wu zhi re jie de gu ti chan wu ,ju you fu za de kong xi jie gou he liang hao de biao mian hua xue te xing ,guo ji shang li yong sheng wu jiao tuo chu ran shao wu ran wu de yan jiu yi de dao an fan kai zhan 。dian an guo lu mei ran shao hou sheng cheng de yan qi ke yi xing cheng gao wen re jie tiao jian ,wei sheng wu zhi de re jie guo cheng di gong bi xu de neng liang ,jin er tuo chu yan qi zhong de gong 。jie zhu zhe chong te xing ,ke yi wan cheng xi fu ji (sheng wu jiao )de zhi bei guo cheng ,ji neng zai mei you zhuan men zhi bei guo cheng de tiao jian xia tuo chu gong ,you neng li yong ke zai sheng neng yuan de gong yi ,gong jian pai cheng ben xiang dui jiao di ,you ke neng cheng wei gong jian pai ke kao ju ju you ju da qian li de shou duan ,tong shi guo nei wai shang wei you xiang guan yan jiu bao dao 。ben lun wen yi he tao ke sheng wu zhi zuo wei yuan liao ,yan jiu bu tong re jie fang shi 、ke li li jing 、re jie qi fen he gai xing tiao jian xia de sheng wu jiao gong de xi fu guo cheng 。jie zhu duo chong biao zheng fen xi shou duan ,zai gou jian sheng wu jiao fen zi jie gou de ji chu shang ,li yong mi du fan han li lun ,jie ge xi fu dong li xue guo cheng ,huo de sheng wu jiao de gong xi fu te xing ji ji li 。(1)re jie fang shi he ke li li jing dui sheng wu jiao chan zhi gong xi fu te xing de ying xiang ji ji li yan jiu he tao ke sheng wu zhi re jie guo cheng ke fen wei san ge jie duan 。sui zhao li jing de jian xiao ,re jie fan ying mian ji zeng da ,chuan zhi chuan re dui re jie guo cheng de ying xiang jian xiao ,you li yu re jie guo cheng de jin hang ,shi hui fa fen xi chu liang zhu jian zeng duo 。sheng wen su lv yu li jing xiang bi ,dui sheng wu zhi re jie guo cheng de ying xiang geng da 。sui zhao ding wen zhi bei tiao jian zhong re jie wen du he bian wen zhi bei tiao jian zhong re jie zhong wen de sheng gao ,sheng wu jiao de gong xi fu neng li you jiang dao ruo yi ci wei 600℃、800℃、1000℃he 400℃。ji zhong ,600℃zuo wei re jie wen du he re jie zhong wen shi ,gong xi fu neng li yuan da yu ji ta wen du 。sui zhao ke li li jing zai 58μm-270μmfan wei nei jian xiao ,gong xi fu neng li cheng zheng ti zhu jian zeng jiang de qu shi 。sui zhao sheng wen su lv de zeng jia ,sheng wu jiao de gong xi fu neng li xian zeng jiang hou jian ruo ,dang sheng wen su lv wei 10℃/minshi ,sheng wu jiao yang pin de gong xi fu xing neng jiao hao 。sui zhao re jie wen du de zeng jia ,wai bu chuan zhi guo cheng yu biao mian hua xue xi fu guo cheng dui ji gong xi fu guo cheng de ying xiang xiang dang 。sui zhao zhi bei li jing de jian xiao ,sheng wu jiao gong xi fu guo cheng zhong de kong su bu zhou you wu li xi fu zhuai wei hua xue xi fu ,ju zhun yi ji he zhun er ji su lv chang shu zhu jian zeng da 。(2)re jie qi fen dui sheng wu jiao chan zhi gong xi fu te xing de ying xiang ji ji li yan jiu bu tong re jie qi fen hui ying xiang sheng wu zhi de re jie guo cheng ,zao cheng sheng wu jiao wei guan te xing de cha yi ,jin er ying xiang ji gong xi fu te xing 。sheng wu zhi zai O2qi fen xia de re jie guo cheng jiao wei fu za ,zhu yao you san chong re jie lu jing 。dui yu he tao ke sheng wu zhi ,zai 5%-7%O2nong du zhi jian ke neng cun zai lin jie nong du ,gai nong du yi xia sheng wu zhi de yang hua yi xiang fan ying shi you yang de kuo san guo cheng kong zhi ,er chao chu gai nong du hou ,fan ying you dong li xue kong zhi ,ju fan ying jia su jin hang 。CO2ke tong guo Boudouardfan ying zai 750℃yi hou yu sheng wu jiao zhi jie fa sheng qi hua fan ying 。xiang bi N2qi fen re jie tiao jian ,O2hui jiang di sheng wu jiao dui Hg0de xi fu neng li ,tong shi sui zhao O2nong du de zeng da ,ji gong xi fu neng li xian zeng jiang zai jian ruo ;CO2ze hui di gao sheng wu jiao dui Hg0de xi fu neng li ,ju sui zhao nong du de zeng da ,xi fu neng li zhu jian zeng jiang ,20%CO2zuo wei re jie qi fen shi ,re jie xing cheng de sheng wu jiao gong xi fu neng li zui jiang 。gong xi fu guo cheng yu sheng wu jiao de xi fu wei dian you guan ,er bu shi chan yi de chan ceng xi fu 。chan zhi gong zai sheng wu jiao biao mian xi fu de guo cheng zhong ,tong guo bu tong fang shi suo xi fu de gong shi yi yi chong hun ge xing shi fu cun zai sheng wu jiao biao mian ,ji zhong sheng wu jiao tong guo hua xue xi fu de zhu yao chan wu wei Hg-OMhe Hg O。(3)tie ji gai xing sheng wu jiao de chan zhi gong xi fu te xing ji ji li yan jiu gai xing hou sheng wu jiao de Hg0xi fu neng li xian zhe zeng jiang ,ji zhong Fe-2%Mn/BCyang pin de chan wei lei ji gong xi fu liang zui da 。dui yu tong guo Fe Cl3、Mn(CH3COO)2he Cu SO4gai xing fang shi suo huo de de gai xing sheng wu jiao yang pin ,sui zhao fu zai liang de zeng da ,yang pin de gong xi fu xing neng ye cheng xian xian zeng jiang zai jian ruo de qu shi ,ji zhong 10%Fe/BC、Fe-4%Cu/BChe Fe-2%Mn/BCyang pin de gong xi fu xing neng fen bie gao yu ji suo dui ying gai xing fang shi zhong de ji ta fu zai liang zhi bei tiao jian 。sui zhao KMn O4fu zai liang de zeng jia ,suo huo de de gai xing sheng wu jiao yang pin de gong xi fu xing neng zhu jian jian ruo 。gai xing dao zhi sheng wu jiao de dan mo hua cheng du jiang di ,Fe-2%KMn O4/BCyang pin de wei jing jie gou chao mo xu fang xiang zhuai bian de cheng du zui da 。gai xing sheng wu jiao zhong cun zai jin shu chan zhi he xiang ying de duo chong xing shi de jin shu yang hua wu 。Fe-4%Cu/BChe Fe-2%Mn/BCyang pin de jie jing che cun xiang bi wei gai xing sheng wu jiao ming xian jian xiao ,tong shi sheng cheng le ju you jian jing dan jie gou de Cu Fe2O4(tong tie yang hua wu )he Mn Fe2O4(meng jian jing dan ),bing zai sheng wu jiao biao mian xing cheng da liang yang li zi kong wei ,li yu Hg0de xi fu 。xiang bi wei gai xing sheng wu zhi ,gai xing sheng wu zhi de re jie guo cheng geng jia ju lie he chong fen 。gai xing hou sheng wu jiao yang pin de BETbi biao mian ji 、lei ji kong ti ji he kong xi feng fu du jun huo de le bu tong cheng du de di sheng 。gai xing sheng wu jiao biao mian de tang ji 、suo ji han liang zeng jia ,tong shi chu xian le jin shu pei wei qiang ji guan neng tuan (M-OH)。dui yu gai xing sheng wu jiao ,Hg Ohe Hg-OMze wei bei xi fu Hg0de zhu yao fu cun xing shi ,gai xing guo cheng dui sheng wu jiao Hg0de hua xue xi fu you ming xian de cu jin zuo yong 。Hg0de tuo chu shi xi fu yu yang hua gong tong zuo yong de jie guo ,bei xi fu de Hg0zai jin er suo fa sheng de yang hua guo cheng zhong ,sheng wu jiao biao mian de guan neng tuan 、jing ge yang 、hua xue xi fu yang 、lu su cheng fen yi ji jin shu yang hua wu huo li zi dou fa hui le zuo yong 。Fe2O3he Cu O(yi ji Mn O2he Fe2O3)shuang jin shu yang hua wu zai tuo chu Hg0fang mian qi dao xie tong zuo yong ,Mn7+he Mn6+you yu zi shen de yang hua xing guo jiang ,hui yu Fe3+fa sheng dui Hg0de “jing zheng yang hua ”。dang Hg0bei xi fu he yang hua hou ,xing cheng chan ceng huo duo ceng de “ci ji xi fu zhong xin ceng ”,ji ta Hg0ke yi jin yi bu xi fu zai “ci ji xi fu zhong xin ceng ”wai ,jin er bei yang hua 。(4)sheng wu jiao fen zi jie gou ji chan zhi gong xi fu ji li yan jiu he tao ke sheng wu jiao zhu yao you C、H、Ohe Nyuan su gou cheng ,sheng wu jiao fen zi jie gou zhong fang xiang tan shi zhu yao zu cheng bu fen ,zhi fang tan ze qi dao lian jie fang xiang jie gou chan yuan de zuo yong 。sheng wu jiao jie gou zhong cun zai yi ding shu liang de dan mo wei jing jie gou ,ju tiao wen jian ju wei 0.3624nm。sheng wu jiao fen zi jie gou mo xing yi fang xiang jie gou wei zhu ,bing han you 1ge jia ji 、4ge qiang ji yi ji 8ge tang ji ,fen zi shi wei C55H37NO14,fen zi liang Mrwei 935。UFFli chang xia you hua hou de san wei jie gou zong shi neng zui da ,MM2li chang xia shi neng zui xiao 。tong guo liang zi hua xue ban jing yan PM6fang fa dui san chong you hua hou gou xiang de sheng cheng re jin hang ji suan ke de Dreidingli chang xia you hua de jie gou geng wen ding 。Hg0zai sheng wu jiao biao mian de xi fu guo cheng zhu yao qu jue yu xi fu wei dian suo dai de dian he qing kuang ,ru guo xi fu wei suo dai de shi fu dian he ju dian he shu jiao da ,ze li yu sheng wu jiao biao mian dui chan zhi gong de xi fu ,er ju xi fu wei de lin wei yuan zi suo dai dian he qing kuang ye hui dui xi fu wei de xi fu huo xing chan sheng jiao da ying xiang 。
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论文作者分别是来自太原理工大学的贾里,发表于刊物太原理工大学2019-07-26论文,是一篇关于生物焦论文,脱汞性能论文,热解方式论文,颗粒粒径论文,热解气氛论文,铁基改性论文,分子结构论文,太原理工大学2019-07-26论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用,各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载,文章观点不代表本站观点,资料来自太原理工大学2019-07-26论文网站,若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权,请联系我们删除。
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