真空管集热和卵石层贮热转换系统的研究及其热性能分析

论文摘要

为了适应国家提出的“十一五”期间单位国内生产总值能源消耗降低百分之二十左右，主要污染物排放总量减少百分之十的目标要求，各地政府、研究机构以及开发企业等都在不同层面、不同区域、不同建筑上做了大量细致的研究工作，特别是在太阳能建筑领域进行积极的研究与实践，已成为实现可持续发展的热门课题。 我国农村人口约占全国人口的80％，农村住宅在我国住宅建设中占有重要地位。目前农村住宅空气温度调节主要用燃煤和燃柴来控制室温，这种温度调节消耗的能量要占住宅总能量的70％以上。这种传统的控制室温方式不仅带来外界环境的污染，而且为了燃柴可能造成生态环境的破坏。农村住宅配套太阳能地热储能系统技术，是针对我国广大农村冬季寒冷时调节室内温度而采取的一项有效的太阳能利用技术，热能的交换自然循环，树龄能源消耗建筑技术。研究的成果将对建设和谐、环境、节约型社会主义新农村具有深远的历史意义。具体研究内容如下： （1） 通过沈阳地区30年的气象数据资料分析了冬季采暖期（11月～3月）与非采暖期（4月～10月）太阳能辐射量变化的规律，同时分析比较了光辐射与水平面不同角度时的辐射量历史数据。结果表明，在冬季采暖期集热管与光辐射垂直时总日射月平均日辐射量的最小辐射量、平均辐射量、最高辐射量分别为与光辐射水平时总日射月平均日辐射量的2.0倍，1.8倍和1.9倍。在此基础上确定了太阳能集热器与地水平线的定位角度为56度，同时依月平均气温的历史资料明确了集热器，贮存与用能匹配关系。 （2） 太阳能地热储能系统主要由太阳能集热器、地热储能用的卵石层及传热介质循环所需的管道等组成。其中太阳能集热器的集热面积为3.5m2；卵石层储热部分的卵石层铺设厚度为190mm，其体积为2m3，为了提高传递介质的热转换速率增大了以往的进出口直径，同时考虑热能的自然循环交换，室内的热储能的卵石层水平高度高于室外集热器的高度，属零能源消耗建筑技术。 （3） 以气体传热为介质进行了储能试验。储热的卵石直径为50～100mm，卵石之间的空隙为45.7％。试验结果表明：当室外环境最高、最低、平均温度分别为1.4℃、-15.9℃、-6.6℃时热水箱的温度分别为46.6℃、-4.7℃、17.5℃：卵石温度分

论文目录

• English Abstract
• Chinese Abstract
• CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
• 1.1 Background of study
• 1.2 Objectives and importance of study
• 1.2.1 Objectives of study
• 1.2.2 Importances of study
• 1.3 The present condition and the analysis of foreign and domestic study
• 1.3.1 The present condition and the analysis of foreign study
• 1.3.2 The present condition and the analysis of domestic study
• 1.4 Main contents and scopes of study
• CHAPTER 2 SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMS IN BUILDINGS
• 2.1 Solar energy
• 2.1.1 Characteristics of solar energy
• 2.1.2 Heating collection principle of solar energy
• 2.1.3 Mechanisms of solar heat transfer
• 2.2 Components of solar heating system
• 2.2.1 Definition of solar heating system
• 2.2.2 Solar collector
• 2.2.3 Thermal storage
• 2.3 Use types of solar energy system
• 2.3.1 Solar heat system
• 2.3.2 Photovoltaic system
• 2.3.3 Hybrid system
• 2.4 Application types of Solar energy system at buildings
• 2.4.1 Independent type
• 2.4.2 Suspended type
• 2.4.3 Integrated type
• CHAPTER 3 DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE OF A SOLAR THERMAL CONVERSION SYSTEM
• 3.1 Design of a solar thermal conversion system with pebble bed storage
• 3.1.1 General
• 3.1.2 Heating load
• 3.1.3 Solar collector element
• 3.1.4 Thermal storage element
• 3.1.5 Radiant floor heating
• 3.2 Manufacture of the solar thermal conversion system with pebble bed storage
• 3.2.1 General
• 3.2.2 Conditions for design
• 3.2.3 Solar collector element of the solar thermal conversion system
• 3.2.4 Thermal storage element of solar thermal conversion system
• CHAPTER 4 EXPERIMENTAL METHODS AND EQUIPMENTS
• 4.1 Experimental methods
• 4.1.1 Meterials for experiment
• 4.1.2 Experimental methods
• 4.2 Experimental equipments
• CHAPTER 5 RESULTS AND DISSCUSIONS
• 5.1 Weather data analysis of the past 30-year periods of Shenyang city
• 5.1.1 Solar radiation of the past 30-year periods
• 5.1.2 Solar radiation from December, 2004 to March, 2005
• 5.1.3 Climatological analysis for the 30-year periods
• 5.1.4 Outdoor air temperature from December, 2004 to March, 2005
• 5.1.5 Heating degree-day
• 5.1.6 Outdoor air temperature at the Shenyang meteorological observatory and solar thermal conversion system
• 5.2 Thermal characteristics of solar thermal conversion system with pebble bed by water cirulation medium
• 5.2.1 Temperature measured in each element of solar thermal conversion system
• 5.2.2 Variations in temperature of outdoors and each element
• 5.2.3 Distributions for horizontal and vertical temperature
• 5.2.4 Period of thermal storage and radiant heat
• 5.2.5 Efficiency of thermal storage
• 5.3 Thermal characteristics of solar thermal conversion system with pebble bed by air circulation medium
• 5.3.1 Temperature in each element in the solar thermal conversion system
• 5.3.2 Variations in temperature of outdoors and each element
• 5.3.3 Distribution chart for horizontal and vertical temperature
• 5.3.4 Period of thermal storage and radiant heat
• 5.3.5 Efficiency of thermal storage
• 5.4 Brief summary
• 5.4.1 Analysis and comparison of meteorological data for 30-year periods and during experiment period
• 5.4.2 Analysis thermal characteristics of developed system in case of water circulation medium
• 5.4.3 Analysis of thermal characteristics of developed system in case of air circulation medium
• CHAPTER 6 ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT
• 6.1 Economic analysis of solar heating system
• 6.2 Economic analysis
• 6.2.1 General
• 6.2.2 Procedure for economic analysis
• 6.2.3 Conditions of supposition
• 6.2.4 Expense of estimation
• 6.2.5 Conditions for expense integration and sensitivity analysis
• 6.2.6 Synthesis analysis
• 6.3 Brief summary
• CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSIONS
• 7.1 Conclusions
• 7.2 Suggestions
• REFERENCES
• ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
• LIST OF PAPERS PUBLISHED IN STUDY