论文题目: C-R-A模式：言语交际的三维阐释
论文类型: 博士论文
论文专业: 英语语言文学
作者: 廖巧云
导师: 何兆熊
关键词: 言语交际,模式,三维阐释,经验现实主义
文献来源: 上海外国语大学
发表年度: 2005
论文摘要: 交际是个复杂的社会现象,语用学理论的发展为研究这一现象提供了契机。但是,目前的研究,包括从哲学、认知和社会视角进行的研究,还远不能说尽善尽美。所以进一步研究显得很有必要。语用学的三大代表性理论,即合作原则(CP)、关联理论(RT)和顺应论(AT),只能部分地描述或阐释交际(过程)。它们在描述交际方面均有自己的优势,但同时又囿于自身的局限。三大理论均不能全面有效地解释言语交际问题。具体说来,CP未能说明人们通过何种手段获取含义;RT回答了获取含义的手段问题,但主观性过强而且缺乏降低主观程度或减少理解或然性的手段;AT只强调语言使用就是语言选择,即作出适合特定语境的顺应,但是缺乏顺应的基础和方向。我们的研究试图解决这些问题。通过对其优势与不足的分析,我们发现这三大理论具有互补性,并具有结合研究的必要性和可行性。该研究主要目的在于:以经验现实主义为理论指导,将三大理论的优势结合起来,重建一个新的阐释性理论框架,称为“C-R-A模式”,试图克服,至少减少三大理论之缺陷与不足。该研究之出发点如下:1)现有语用理论在描述交际时存在不足;2)经验现实主义这一哲学框架为我们提供了理论基础,特别是Marmaridou (2000)将它用于语用学研究给了我们启发;3)一个科学研究的新倾向给我们的启示和指导,即包纳简单性方法的复杂性方法,借助于两个以至多个并列的彼此独立的理论系统使不同的认识结果互相补充。(陈一壮2004)第三点反映了科学研究的新倾向,也是该项研究的理论意义所在。本文主要采用定性研究方法,偏重理论探讨。全文共分七章。第1章为本研究的总体介绍。第2至4章为整个研究奠定基础:讨论交际的工作定义,三大理论的优势与不足,以及本研究的理论基础,亦即经验现实主义。第5章构建综合性模式,即C-R-A模式。第6章是关于C-R-A模式的应用,详细分析各类简单话语、会话,以说明该模式在交际阐释中的实用性和有效性。第7章为结论,以兜揽全文。如前所述,该研究的核心部分是建立一个能更有效更全面地阐释成功交际的新模式,而我们综合研究的始发理论是CP,RT和AT,因此我们取其名为“C-R-A模式”。这是一个集哲学、认知和社会三大视角的研究优势于一体的三维模式。其中,三大理论的三个核心概念在该模式中起到不同的作用:合作是成功交际的先决条件;关联是其必要条件;顺应是其调节机制。虽然其作用不同,我们认为交际是合作、关联、顺
论文目录:
Acknowledgements
Abbreviations
Abstract
中文摘要
List of Figures
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Lead-in remarks
1.2 The rationale of the study
1.2.1 Background
1.2.2 Rationale
1.3 Objectives of the present study
1.4 Methodology and data for the research
1.5 The organization of the dissertation
Chapter 2 Communication revisited and delimited
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Definitions of communication reviewed
2.3 The working definition of communication for the present study
2.3.1 The working definition of verbal communication
2.3.2 Main features of the working definition
2.3.2.1 Verbality
2.3.2.2 Dynamics
2.3.2.3 Interactiveness
2.3.2.4 Intentionality
2.3.3 Successful communication delimited
2.3.4 The theoretical framework for our account of communication
2.4 Summary
Chapter 3 Brief Review of Literature on CP, RT and AT
3.1 Three basic communication models revisited
3.2 Overview of CP
3.2.1 The theoretical basis of CP
3.2.2 The scope of CP
3.2.3 The rudiments of CP
3.2.3.1 The Cooperative Principle
3.2.3.2 Inference
3.2.3.3 Conversational implicature
3.2.4 Strengths and weaknesses of CP
3.2.4.1 Strengths
3.2.4.2 Weaknesses
3.2.5 Concluding remarks on CP’s account of successful communication
3.3 Overview of RT
3.3.1 The theoretical basis of RT
3.3.2 The scope of RT
3.3.3 The rudiments of RT
3.3.3.1 The Principle of Relevance
3.3.3.2 Context
3.3.3.3 Ostension and inference
3.3.3.4 Explicature and implicature
3.3.3.5 Efforts vs effects
3.3.4 Strengths and weaknesses of RT
3.3.4.1 Strengths
3.3.4.2 Weaknesses
3.3.5 Concluding remarks on RT’s account of successful communication
3.4 Overview of AT
3.4.1 The theoretical basis of AT
3.4.2 The scope of AT
3.4.3 The rudiments of AT
3.4.3.1 The pragmatic perspective
3.4.3.2 Adaptation
3.4.3.3 Context
3.4.3.4 Salience
3.4.3.5 Metapragmatic awareness
3.4.4 Strengths and weaknesses
3.4.4.1 Strengths
3.4.4.2 Weaknesses
3.4.5 Concluding remarks on AT’s account of successful communication
3.5 The proposed improvements and synthetical studies of the three theories
3.5.1 Pragmaticists’efforts in improving CP
3.5.1.1 Horn’s 2-principle formula
3.5.1.2 Levinson’s 3-principle formula
3.5.1.3 徐盛桓’s law-like expounding of CP
3.5.1.4 Brief comments on NGT
3.5.2 Pragmaticists’efforts in improving AT and RT
3.5.2.1 杨平’s Relevance-Adaptation Model
3.5.2.2 冉永平’s Adaptation-Relevance Model
3.6 Revelation for subsequent research
Chapter 4 The Philosophical Basis for C-R-A Model: Experientialism
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Distinction between objectivism and experientialism
4.2.1 Preliminaries
4.2.2 Objectivism
4.2.3 Experientialism
4.2.4 The key points of experientialism
4.2.4.1 Internalist perspective on reality
4.2.4.2 Meaning seen from experientialism
4.3 Semantic-pragmatic demarcation
4.4 Marmaridou’s discussion of pragmatic meaning from experiential realism
4.4.1 ICMs
4.4.2 Reasoning
4.4.3 Internalization
4.5 Theoretical support for the present study
4.5.1 The philosophical perspective of pragmatic meaning
4.5.2 The cognitive-pragmatic perspective of pragmatic meaning
4.5.3 Societal perspective of pragmatic meaning
4.5.4 Experiential realism as the philosophical basis for C-R-A Model justified
4.6 Summary
Chapter 5 C-R-A Model: A Description
5.1 Introductory remarks
5.2 Complementarities: the possibility
5.3 C-R-A Model: the feasibility
5.3.1 Cooperation: prerequisite
5.3.2 Relevance: necessary condition
5.3.3 Adaptation: regulatory mechanism
5.3.4 Interim summary
5.4 C-R-A Model on its way
5.4.1 Initial observations
5.4.2 The primary version of the C-R-A Model
5.4.2.1 The C-R-A Model
5.4.2.2 Key notions delimited
5.4.2.2.1 Cooperation
5.4.2.2.2 Relevance
5.4.2.2.3 Adaptation
5.4.2.2.4 Experiential canvas
5.4.2.3 Description of the C-R-A Model
5.4.2.3.1 Seen from S’s perspective
5.4.2.3.2 Seen from H’s perspective
5.4.2.3.3 The inferential process of the C-R-A Model
5.4.2.3.3.1 The quadratic inference of the ostensive-inferential model
5.4.2.3.3.2 The Quadratic Duet of Ostensive Inference and its Extension
5.4.2.3.3.3 Extended Implication Hypothesis
5.4.2.3.3.4 Extension of the Ostensive-Inferential Duet
5.4.3 The extended version of the C-R-A Model
5.5 Summary
Chapter 6 Application of the Model
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Application of the primary version of the C-R-A Model to the analyses of everyday utterances
6.2.1 Sample analyses
6.2.2 Major findings of the application of the primary version
6.3 Application of the extended version of the C-R-A Model to the analyses of Conversations
6.3.1 Conversations from the novel《围城》by 钱钟书
6.3.1.1 Analysis of the conversation between 赵and 方
6.3.1.2 Analysis of the conversation between 方and 唐
6.3.1.3 Analysis of the conversation between 方and 苏
6.3.2 Conversations taken from the short story The Metamorphosis by Kafka
6.3.3 Conversations taken from the drama《雷雨》by 曹禺
6.3.3.1 Analysis of the conversation between 鲁贵and 鲁四凤
6.3.3.2 Analysis of the conversation between 周萍and 周蘩漪
6.3.4 Conversations taken from the drama Oedipus Rex by Sophocles
6.3.5 Analysis of an authentic talk
6.4 Summary
Chapter 7 Conclusion
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Discussions of the research questions
7.3 Major findings
7.4 Implications
7.5 Limitations and suggestions
References
Appendix
发布时间: 2006-12-30
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