致知在躬行 ——从历史与词典学视角评述《牛津英语大词典》

论文摘要

《牛津英语大词典》蔚为现代西方语文学一大壮观。行世以来,英语国家学者多有臧否。本文乃循历史与词典学之视角,以二者互动机理为主线,研讨该词典编纂得失。词典原名《基于历史原则的新英语词典》,其理论实践,均深受历史影响,于延续英语词典学之传统、呼应比较语文学之隆兴、折射创制者之理念偏好等三方面颇有体现。一者,虽为史上造极之作,然于方法内容,皆自先代词典获益厚丰,遂有一代成就。再者,更凭倚比较语文学为理论基础,乃能实证记录英语演进历程。三者,时代风气亦经编纂者、出版商、志愿阅读员等戮力而直接渗入:民族意识、重商主义、守旧思想、科技发展等等,遗痕甚多。所谓“历史词典”,名副其实。如此三条轨迹,勾勒出创制过程中历史与词典学之互动。是故本文以历史与词典学为阐述评析之津要,辅以微观实据,论证《牛津英语大词典》系一部承续历史、服务历史、映现历史之辞书鸿构,以期对该词典将来之批评事业略有微助。

论文目录

• Abstract
• 摘要
• List of Tables and Figures
• Acknowledgements
• List of Abbreviations
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• 1.1 Prefatory remarks
• 1.2 Literature review
• 1.3 Argument
• 1.4 The research approaches
• 1.5 The publishing history of the OED
• 1.6 A note of the style and format
• Chapter 2 Lexicography on History:The OED and the Earlier Dictionaries
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Before Johnson
• 2.2.1 Statistical methodology:the QHR and the YCR
• 2.2.2 Hard-word dictionaries
• 2.2.2.1 The "first" English dictionary:Cawdrey's Table Alphabeticall
• 2.2.2.2 The first "scientific" English dictionary:Bullokar's English Expositor
• 2.2.2.3 The first English "dictionary":Cockeram's English Dictionarie
• 2.2.2.4 A generous contributor:Blount's Glossographia
• 2.2.3 Post-hard-word dictionaries
• 2.2.3.1 Nascent encyclopedism:Phillips's New World of English Words
• 2.2.3.2 The common-word approach:Kersey's dictionaries
• 2.2.4 Section review
• 2.3 "Pre-scientific":Johnson and Bailey
• 2.3.1 Johnson's Dictionary
• 2.3.1.1 Authorship
• 2.3.1.2 Achievements
• 2.3.1.3 On the minus side
• 2.3.1.4 As a point of departure
• 2.3.1.5 The Dictionary in the Dictionary
• 2.3.2 Bailey's dictionaries
• 2.3.3 Section review
• 2.4 "Post-pre-scientific":the one hundred and thirty years
• 2.4.1 At a low tempo:the efforts of Sheridan and Walker
• 2.4.2 On the shoulders of giants:combination and latitudinarianism
• 2.4.3 Section review
• 2.5 Webster and his after-life
• 2.5.1 WWW:ideological clashes in early American lexicography
• 2.5.2 Anglophobe or anglophile:Webster's attitude toward the British
• 2.5.3 The selling point:definitions
• 2.5.4 Nu:the 1864 revision
• 2.5.5 Section review
• 2.6 In search of the semantic nucleus:Home Tooke and Richardson
• 2.6.1 On Winged Words:Horne Tooke's fanciful linguistic theory
• 2.6.2 Richardson's lexicography
• 2.6.2.1 Etymological posit
• 2.6.2.2 The worthwhile endeavor:illustrative quotations
• 2.6.3 Section review
• 2.7 Conclusion
• Chapter 3 Lexicography for History:The OED and Comparative Philology
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 The hyper-polyglot:Jones as the initiator of comparative philology
• 3.2.1 The proto-Indo-European theory
• 3.2.2 British reception:pride and prejudice
• 3.2.3 Jones's posthumous influence:a starting point
• 3.2.4 Section review
• 3.3 The Continental scholars:the ascendancy of comparative philology
• 3.3.1 From Hamilton to Bopp
• 3.3.2 The Brothers Grimm and the Neogrammarians
• 3.3.3 Section review
• 3.4 The etymology of the OED
• 3.4.1 A taste of love:a comparison with some other dictionaries
• 3.4.2 Variant forms:the signature of the OED
• 3.4.3 Section review
• 3.5 Das W（o|¨）rterbuch
• 3.5.1 Features as a historical dictionary
• 3.5.2 Frustrations
• 3.5.3 The DWB and the OED
• 3.5.3.1 The national honor of England
• 3.5.3.2 Differences between the DWB and the NED
• 3.5.3.3 Going online:the DWB and the OED
• 3.5.4 Section review
• 3.6 Conclusion
• Chapter 4 Lexicography in History:The OED and Its Makers
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 The initiation of the OED
• 4.2.1 The bank of human resources:the Philological Society
• 4.2.2 The inspiration of the OED:Trench
• 4.2.2.1 The Seven Sins:his lexicographical criticism
• 4.2.2.2 "My idea of a Dictionary":an inventory made by a historian
• 4.2.2.3 Exhaustiveness and descriptivism
• 4.2.3 A specimen of the Society's Dictionary:Coleridge
• 4.2.4 Enthusiasm and energy:Furnivall
• 4.2.5 Section review
• 4.3 The execution of the OED
• 4.3.1 Murray's editorship
• 4.3.1.1 "The compass of the vocabulary":the diagram for English words
• 4.3.1.2 "The most valuable feature":changes illustrated by quotations
• 4.3.2 Those who "had better try":the Delegates of the OUP
• 4.3.3 From sub-editors to editors:Bradley,Craigie,and Onions
• 4.3.4 The supplementation of the OED:from Craigie and Onions to Burchfield
• 4.3.5 Combined action:the readers for the OED
• 4.3.6 Section review
• 4.4 The makers' signatures in the OED
• 4.4.1 F-k:taboo words in the OED
• 4.4.2 Appendicitis:scientific terms in the OED
• 4.4.3 "Testimony":quotationlessness in the OED
• 4.4.4 "Shakes":quotation distribution in the OED
• 4.4.5 What the OED has not done:discrimination of synonyms
• 4.4.6 Section review
• 4.5 Conclusion
• Chapter 5 Conclusion
• Works Consulted