基于语料库的同义词与否定句联结模式研究

论文摘要

基于语料库的语言研究所具备的特色及优势之一在于对语言运用中各种联结模式(语言特征与其它语言特征或非语言特征在共现时的规律性)的考察。要识别并充分描写语言运用中的联结模式,我们必须对大量的真实文本进行处理,而更多依靠直觉及小量语言素材的传统研究路子在这方面的劣势便十分突出了;相比之下,基于语料库的语言研究运用现代技术手段,在信息分析的速度、准确度和客观程度上有了很大的提高。因此,语料库语言学对于联结模式的探索无论在广度还是在深度上都已经蔚为大观,其中有关同义词的联结模式研究又是一个热点。不过,这一热门话题下又有一个相对的冷门角度:同义词与否定句的联结模式。本文的意图即在于对此很少有人涉及的课题展开初步的探讨,并希望能有所进步。本文采用语体理论与韩立德的系统功能语法相结合的功能派理论框架。语体理论认为语言结构在不同的使用情境下会相应地出现不同的系统变异;韩立德则将语言的结构特征看作在不同情境下为实现功能而对语言要素作不同的系统选择的结果。20世纪80年代后期,语料库语言学权威拜伯首次提出了一个重要假设:语言特征的共现反映出它们具有相同或相近的功能。在这一重要假设的指导下,他结合语料库的统计数据对英语中的语体变异进行了有益的探索,集中阐释了不同的联结模式在情境因素作用下所具有的不同的共有功能。拜伯最后精辟地论述了语体与功能的大体对应关系,使得这两个概念都更具体,更便于理解与应用。这事实上是兼取了语体理论与韩氏语法的精华,将功能派理论向前推进了重要的一步。有鉴于此,本文将运用拜伯的观点对定量分析的结果进行定性解释。本文选用的语料来自英国国家语料库。这是因为:它收入了多达1亿英语单词的自然语料,而且涵盖了许多语体,具有高度的代表性;特别值得一提的是,英国国家语料库收入了多达1000万英语单词的口语语料,其中会话文本占了很大的比例(由于口语特别是会话在语言交际中占有独特的重要地位,任何综合性的语言实证研究都必须将它们考虑在内,而英国国家语料库在这方面可谓独树一帜)。至于定量分析的手段,本文运用的所有程序均来自英国国家语料库光盘自带的信息处理软件,它易学易用,功能强大。

论文目录

Abstract （Chinese）

Abstract （English）

Introduction

Chapter One Association patterns between synonymous adjectives and negative sentences

1.1 Synonymous adjectives without negative affixes

1.1.1 Synonymous adjectives: little versus small

1.1.1.1 Characteristics of little and small

1.1.1.2 Characteristics of negative words

1.1.1.3 Association patterns between little / small and negative sentences

1.2 Some or all synonymous adjectives have negative affixes

1.2.1 Synonymous adjectives: displeased versus unhappy

1.2.1.1 Characteristics of negative affixes

1.2.1.2 Association patterns between negative sentences and synonymous adjectives among which some or all adjective（s） contain（s） negative affixes

A. Synonymous adjectives with negative affixes

B. Synonymous adjectives without negative affixes

Chapter Two Association patterns between synonymous verbs and negative sentences

2.1 Synonymous verbs: think versus consider

2.1.1 Explorations in the spoken corpus

2.1.1.1 Differences between think and consider in speech

2.1.1.2 Comparison of the different inflectional variants of think and consider in speech

2.1.1.3 Association patterns between think / consider and negative sentences in speech

2.1.2 Explorations in the written corpus

2.1.2.1 Differences between think and consider in writing

2.1.2.2 Comparison of the different inflectional variants of think and consider in writing

2.1.2.3 Association patterns between think / consider and negative sentences in writing

2.2 Synonymous verbs: begin versus start

2.2.1 Explorations in the written corpus

2.2.2 Explorations in the spoken corpus

2.2.2.1 Differences in the association patterns between begin / start and negative sentences in speech

2.2.2.2 Differences between begin and start and their influence on the verbs' association patterns with negative sentences

2.2.2.3 " Polar" phenomenon of start in association with negative sentences

Chapter Three Association patterns between synonymous nouns and negative sentences

3.1 Explorations on a sentence level

3.1.1 Differences between error and mistake in association with negative sentences

3.1.2 Differences between error and mistake and their influence on the nouns' association with negative sentences

3.2 Explorations on a discourse level

Error versus mistake, association patterns with negative sentences, subject matter of a text

Conclusion

References

基于语料库的同义词与否定句联结模式研究

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