用礼貌策略来看律师辩护词的模糊限制语

论文摘要

本文采用描述分析方法，对律师辩论中的模糊限制语现象进行研究，切入点是Brown和Levinson的礼貌策略，旨在研究律师辩论中这二者的作用和内在关系。 根据Hyland对模糊限制语的分类，本论文围绕着三类模糊限制语进行讨论：说者指向类，听者指向类和准确性指向类。同时分析的角度来自于Brown和Levinson的面子保全理论：积极礼貌策略，消极礼貌策略和非公开的礼貌策略。但是并非每种模糊限制语都可以对应三种礼貌策略，这要根据已建立的理论框架来分析。 本文试图从中找到律师使用模糊限制语所能达到的面子保全作用，即律师如何在使用模糊限制语在法庭上避免听者的反感，建立融洽的关系和实现劝说的目的。此外，通过对书面和口头辩论中的比较，本文对三类模糊限制语和三种礼貌策略的使用频率作了初探。 我们希望，本文的研究能够丰富现存的对模糊限制语的研究，进一步加深对律师在礼貌策略使用上的认识。

论文目录

• Declaration
• Acknowledgements
• Abstract
• 中文摘要
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• 1.1 Introduction
• 1.2 Rationale of the Present Study
• 1.3 Objectives of the Study and Research Questions
• 1.4 Data and Methodology
• 1.5 Organization of the Thesis
• Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature
• 2.1 Overview
• 2.2 Studies on the Court Arguments
• 2.3 Brown and Levinson's Face Theory
• 2.3.1 Concept of "Face" and "Politeness"
• 2.3.2 Face-threatening Acts （FTAs）
• 2.3.3 B&L's Model of Means of Realizing Politeness Strategies
• 2.4 The Study on Politeness in Legal Context
• 2.5 Summary
• Chapter 3 Theoretical Framework of the Study
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 The Hyland's Framework
• 3.3 The Analytical Framework of the Study
• 3.4 Summary
• Chapter 4 Analysis of Hedging from the Perspective of Politeness Strategy
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Speaker-oriented Hedges in Lawyers' Arguments
• 4.2.1 Negative Politeness in Form of Speaker-oriented Hedges
• 4.2.1.1 Absence of Speaker
• 4.2.1.2 Abstract Rhetors
• 4.2.1.3 Minimizing the Imposition
• 4.2.2 Positive Politeness in Forms of Speaker-oriented Hedges
• 4.2.2.1 Avoiding Disagreement
• 4.2.2.2 Offering Help
• 4.2.2.3 Personal Attribution
• 4.3 Hearer-oriented Hedges in Lawyers' Arguments
• 4.3.1 Negative Politeness in Forms of Hearer-oriented Hedges
• 4.3.2 Positive Politeness in Forms of Hearer-oriented Hedges
• 4.3.2.1 Being Optimistic
• 4.3.2.2 Showing Deference
• 4.3.2.3 Presupposing/raising/asserting Common Ground
• 4.3.3 Off-record Strategy in Forms of Hearer-oriented Hedges
• 4.3.3.1 Hypothetical Conditional
• 4.3.3.2 Rhetorical Questions
• 4.3.3.3 Displace H
• 4.4 Accuracy-oriented Hedges in Lawyers' Arguments
• 4.4.1 Content Disjuncts
• 4.4.2 Approximator
• 4.5 Summary
• Chapter 5 Case Analysis in Lawyer's Arguments
• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 Analysis of a Written Chinese Argument
• 5.3 Analysis of An Oral Chinese Argument
• 5.4 Conclusion
• Chapter 6 Conclusion
• 6.1 Summary of the Present Study
• 6.2 Major findings
• 6.3 Implications
• 6.4 Limitations and Suggestions for the Further Research
• Appendix
• References: