英汉学习型词典中轻动词的优化处理研究

论文摘要

轻动词,如make a turn中的make和take a look中的take,它们对整体意义的贡献不如在make a table和take a sandwich中那么具体。词典学家很早就意识到要在词典中有效地呈现这些普通却生成能力极强的词不是一件易事。研究也表明中国英语学习者在正确使用轻动词方面存在着困难。本项研究的重点是英汉学习型词典中轻动词的优化处理模式。作者首先比较了中国的英语学习者与英语本族语人士在轻动词使用上的不同。经比较发现中国英语学习者倾向于超用或少用某些轻动词搭配。另外,中国英语学习者在使用轻动词时还存在以下问题:1)误用轻动词所接宾语的单复数;2)宾语前往往没有修饰定语或修饰定语不丰富;3)轻动词的时态不富于变化;4)对轻动词搭配的错误理解;5)使用轻动词时出现张冠李戴的现象。作者调查了五本英语学习型词典和两本英汉学习型词典,详细地研究了这几本词典是如何处理have,make和take这三个使用频率最高的轻动词,以及处理所存在的缺陷。发现的主要缺陷有以下几个方面:1)对have,make和take的处理原则不一致;2)轻动词位置不够醒目;3)未从读者生成需要出发提供足够的轻动词搭配;4)例句过少,未提供足够的语境以提高读者的生成能力。作者从提高中国英语学习者对轻动词的生成能力出发,尝试性地提出了英汉学习型词典中轻动词的优化处理模式:1)在宏观结构方面,英汉学习型词典应在前置页中对轻动词进行说明,在词典正文的适当位置插入专门介绍轻动词用法的研习专页,并建立参考体系将相关的轻动词联系起来;2)在微观结构方面,应突出显示轻动词,并在词条中加入错误警示。为了帮助学习者分辨这些轻动词,应建立相应的辨析栏目。作者还指出英汉学习型词典应提供丰富的搭配和例句来帮助中国英语学习者产出轻动词。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• Abstract
• 摘要
• Contents
• List of Abbreviations
• List of Tables
• List of Figures
• Chapter One Introduction
• 1.1 Rationale of the Present Study
• 1.1.1 Lexicographers' Awareness of Light Verbs
• 1.1.2 English Learners' Difficulties of Using Light Verbs
• 1.1.3 The Urgent Need of Studying Light Verbs in Dictionaries
• 1.2 Focus of the Study
• 1.3 Significance of the Study
• 1.3.1 The Importance of Light Verbs
• 1.3.2 Contributions of the Study
• 1.4 Research Questions
• 1.5 Methodology
• 1.6 Structure of the Thesis
• Chapter Two Relevant Study of Light Verbs and Collocations
• 2.1 The Concept of Light Verbs
• 2.2 The Concept of Collocation
• 2.2.1 The Lexical Composition Approach
• 2.2.2 The Semantic Approach
• 2.2.3 The Structural Approach
• 2.2.4 The Phrasealogical Approach
• 2.3 Have, Make and Take in Collocation
• 2.4 Previous Studies of Light Verbs
• 2.4.1 The Computational Approach
• 2.4.2 The Empirical Approach
• 2.4.3 The Lexicographical Approach
• 2.4.4 Implications
• Chapter Three Chinese EFL Learners' Performance of Light Verbs
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.1.1 The Introduction of CLEC
• 3.1.2 The Introduction of Sketch Engine
• 3.1.3 Corpus Access Software - AntConc
• 3.2 Chinese EFL Learners' Performance of Light Verbs
• 3.2.1 Procedures
• 3.2.2 Analyses and Results
• 3.2.3 Major Difficulties
• 3.2.4 Implications
• Chapter Four Optimizing the Presentation of Light Verbs in ECLDs
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Treatment of Have, Make and Take in ELDs
• 4.2.1 Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary
• 4.2.2 Collins COBUILD English Dictionary for Advanced Learners
• 4.2.3 LONG MAN Dictionary of Contemporary English
• 4.2.4 MacMillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners
• 4.2.5 Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of current English
• 4.3 The Presentation of Have, Make and Take in ECLDs
• 4.3.1 An English Dictionary of Learning & Communication
• 4.3.2 New Approach English-Chinese Dictionary
• 4.4 Comparison of Have, Make and Take in ELDs and ECLDs
• 4.4.1 Statistics of Have, Make and Take
• 4.4.2 Analyses and Results
• 4.5 Survey of Have, Make and Take
• 4.5.1 The Purpose of the Survey
• 4.5.2 The Subjects' Performance of Have, Make and Take
• 4.5.3 The Subjects' Lookup Behaviour of Have, Make and Take
• 4.5.4 Implications
• 4.6 A Tentative Modal for Optimizing Light Verbs in ECLDs
• 4.6.1 The Macrostructure Level
• 4.6.2 The Microstructure Level
• Chapter Five Conclusion
• 5.1 Major Findings
• 5.1.1 Chinese EFL Learners' Difficulties in Using Light Verbs
• 5.1.2 Defects of the Presentation of Light Verbs
• 5.1.3 A Tentative Modal for Optimizing Light Verbs in ECLDs
• 5.2 Limitations of the Present Study and Suggestions for Further Research
• Bibliography
• Appendix A
• Appendix B
• Appendix C
• Appendix D
• Appendix E