论文摘要
本试验用实时荧光定量PCR的方法研究了生长较慢的蛋鸡狼山鸡(LS)和生长相对较快的肉鸡AA鸡胚胎时期和出生早期生长轴、甲状腺轴和肾上腺轴有关基因的表达变化规律。所检测的组织包括下丘脑、垂体、肝脏、胸肌和骺软骨。营养物质可以直接或间接地作用于生长调控因子来调节生长,因此在我们的试验设计中,用营养成分含量较高的AA鸡的标准饲料饲喂AA鸡(组别以AA来表示,并以此组别作为对照组),而对狼山鸡则分别饲喂两种饲料,即营养成分含量较低的狼山鸡标准饲料(组别以LL来表示)和AA鸡标准饲料(组别以LA表示)。为了评估饲料对LL,LA和AA三个组别有关基因在出生后整体水平上mRNA表达的品种差异的影响,我们把组别和时期作为固定因素,用一般线性模型(General Linear Models,GLM)进行了数据分析。本研究首次系统分析了三条轴上五种组织中有关基因在鸡胚胎和出生后在转录水平上的变化规律,并且发现了某些基因的表达在特定的时期是相关的,狼山鸡和AA鸡在相同的AA鸡标准饲料喂养条件下某些基因的表达差异消失了。本研究结果为研究鸡某些基因在特定时期的相互调控机理在分子水平上提供了依据,同时发现从营养和某些基因型的互作效应上对鸡进行分子育种将会大大的提高鸡的选育效果,这将在鸡的生产应用中起到重大作用。1.狼山鸡和AA鸡胚胎时期和出生早期生长轴、甲状腺轴、肾上腺轴有关基因的表达本研究揭示了垂体中的生长激素(GH)和肝脏中的生长激素受体(GHR)mRNA的表达趋势在出生后第28天(P28)到P42期间是相反的,而肝脏中的胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)和IGF-Ⅰ的受体(IGF-IR)mRNA的表达在P0-P28期间是相反的。肝脏中IGF-Ⅰ在P0-28期间对GH/IGF调控轴起着重要的作用。垂体中GH释放激素(GHRH)受体(GHRHR)在P0-28期间起着自分泌或旁分泌的功能,下丘脑中的生长激素促分泌物质受体的内源性配体ghrelin可能在胚胎时期第8天(E8)到P28期间通过刺激肝脏中的IGF-Ⅰ来影响生长。下丘脑中的ghrelin可能在P0-28期间与其中的促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素CRH相互作用。肝脏中IGF结合蛋白(IGFBP)2在P0-42期间通过调节IGF-Ⅱ的生物活性来调节生长。肝脏中的IGFBP-5是一个重要的IGF介导物。我们发现下丘脑中的GHRH(分别在E10-16和P0-42之间),生长抑素(SS,P0-28),促甲状腺激素释放激素(TRH,E10-16和P0-28),ghrelin(P0-42)和垂体中的GH在特定时期是共表达的,而下丘脑中的SS(P0-28),CRH(P0-42),TRH(E10-E18和P0-42)和促甲状腺激素β亚基(TSHβ)在特定的时期是共表达的。GLM分析显示LL组别垂体GH,下丘脑SS,Ghrelin和肝脏IGF-IR的mRNA水平比AA组别的高,而在体重,肝脏中IGF-Ⅰ和GHR的mRNA水平上的比较则正好相反。通过比较狼山鸡和AA鸡在饲喂同一种含营养成分高的AA鸡饲料时各基因表达,我们发现垂体中的GH,下丘脑中的SS,grelin,肝脏中的IGF-Ⅰ,GHR在两品种中的表达差异消失了,而体重和肝脏中的IGF-IR mRNA水平在两品种中依然存在显著差异。本研究揭示了在生长轴、甲状腺轴和肾上腺轴中某些基因在特定时期在转录水平上的表达是相关的,并且发现下丘脑、垂体和肝脏中某些基因在品种间的表达差异是受营养因素调控影响的。2.狼山鸡和AA鸡胚胎时期和出生早期胸肌中胰岛素类生长因子系统基因的表达本研究分析了营养因素对鸡胸肌中胰岛素类生长因子系统基因的影响。结果显示IGF-Ⅱ(E16-P42),IGF-IR(E18-P42),IGFBP-2(E18-P42),-5(E16-P14),-7(E12-P0),-3(E12-P0)与IGF-Ⅰ在特定时期的mRNA表达成正相关,而IGFBP-3与IGF-Ⅰ在P0-28时期成负相关。IGF-IR(E18-P42),IGFBP-2(E18-P42),-5(E14-P0),-3(E16-P0)与IGF-Ⅱ在特定时期成正相关,而IGF-IR(E10-E16),IGFBP-3(P0-P28)与IGF-Ⅱ在特定时期成负相关。另外,IGFBP-2(E16-P42),-7(E10-E16),-3(E10-E16)与IGF-IR在特定时期成正相关,而IGFBP-3与IGF-IR在P0-P28时期成负相关。最后,IGFBP-7与IGFBP-3在E12-P0时期成正相关,而IGFBP-2(P0-P28),-7(P0-P42)与IGFBP-3在相应时期成负相关。总体上,两种鸡在各自饲喂各自标准饲料的情况下,AA组别的鸡IGF-Ⅰ,IGF-IR和IGFBP-2 mRNA的表达水平比LL组别的高,而IGFBP-7的表达水平在两组间则正好相反。两种鸡在同一种饲料饲喂下,LA和AA组别IGF-Ⅰ,IGF-IR和IGFBP-7的表达差异消失了,而IGFBP-2的表达差异依然显著。狼山鸡在两种不同饲料饲喂情况下,LA组别的鸡在IGFBP-2 mRNA的表达上比LL组别的鸡高,而IGFBP-7的表达在两组比较上则正好相反。本研究首次在胸肌上发现某些胰岛素样生长因子在特定时期的mRNA表达是相关的,并且某些基因在品种表达的差异上是由于受营养因素控制的。3.狼山鸡和AA鸡胚胎时期和出生早期骺软骨中胰岛素类生长因子系统基因的表达本试验首次在狼山鸡和AA鸡胚胎时期和出生早期骺软骨中胰岛素类生长因子系统基因进行了研究。研究结果发现IGFBP-2与IGF-Ⅰ(E14-P0),IGF-Ⅱ(E14-P14)在相应时期mRNA表达成正相关,而与IGF-Ⅰ(P0-P42),IGF-Ⅱ(P14-P42)在相应时期成负相关。IGFBP-5与IGF-Ⅰ在E14-P0时期mRNA表达成正相关,而在P0-28之间成负相关。IGFBP-7和IGF-Ⅱ在P0-P42期间表达模式相反。我们发现IGFBP-3(E14-E18,P14-P42)和IGF-IR,IGFBP-3(E14-P0,P14-P42)和IGF-Ⅰ在相应时期mRNA表达成平行表达模式。内分泌调控因子与营养相互作用可以调控动物的生长。GLM分析显示AA组别IGF-Ⅰ,IGFBP-2和IGFBP-3 mRNA的水平比LL组别的高,而在IGF-Ⅱ和IGFBP-7 mRNA表达水平上的比较则正好相反。狼山鸡和AA鸡在饲喂同一种AA鸡标准饲料的情况下,在IGF-Ⅰ,IGFBP-2,IGFBP-7和IGFBP-3的转录水平的表达上差异变得不显著了,而在IGF-Ⅱ的表达上差异依然显著。我们的研究可以帮助提高鸡的分子育种。
论文目录
摘要ABSTRACTPart Ⅰ Literature reviewChapter 1 Hypothalamic control of the somatotropic,thyrotropic and corticotropic axes1.1.Introducton1.2.Hypothalamic hormones that stimulate the release of GH1.3.Thyrotropin-releasing hormone1.4.Corticotropin-releasing hormone1.5.Somatostatin1.6.Ghrelin1.7.ConclusionsReferencesChapter 2 Biological function and nutritional regulation of the insulin-like growth factors system2.1.Introduction2.2.IGF-Ⅰ2.3.IGF-Ⅱ2.4.IGF-IR2.5.IGFBP-22.6.IGFBP-52.7.IGFBP-72.8.IGFBP-32.9.Regulation of IGFs synthesis and release2.10.Biological functions of IGFBPs2.11.Summary of IGF and its binding proteins possible roles2.12.Nutritional regulation of the insulin-like growth factorsReferencesPart Ⅱ Experimental researchChapter 3 Expression of genes involved in the somatotropic,thyrotropic,and corticotropic axes during development of Langshan and Arbor Acres Chickens3.1.Introduction3.2.Materials and methods3.2.1 Animals and tissues sampling3.2.2 RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis3.2.3.Establishment of standards of chicken genes for real-time Q-PCR3.2.4.Real-time Q-PCR assay3.2.5.Real-time Q-PCR data calculation3.2.6.Statistical analysis3.3.Results3.3.1.Developmental changes of body weights of LS and AA chickens3.3.2.Expression profiles of SS,Ghrelin,GHRH,GHSR1a,TRH and CRH during embryonic and postnatal hypothalamus development3.3.3.Expression profiles of GH,GHRHR and TSHβ during embryonic and postnatal pituitary development3.3.4.Expression profiles of IGF system genes and GHR during embryonic and postnatal liver development3.3.5.Correlation and linear regression analysis between body weight,GH,TSHβ,IGFs and their respective correlative gene in chickens3.4.Dicussion3.4.1.Ontogenic changes of mRNA expression of genes3.4.2.Effect of the diet on growth and gene expression3.5.ConclusionsReferencesChapter 4 Investigation of the insulin-like growth factor system in breast muscle during development in Langshan and Arbor Acres chickens4.1.Introduction4.2.Materials and methods4.2.1.Animals and tissues sampling4.2.2.RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis4.2.3.Establishment of standards of chicken genes for real-time Q-PCR4.2.4.Real-time Q-PCR assay4.2.5.Real-time Q-PCR data calculation4.2.6.Statistical analysis4.3.Results4.3.1.Developmental changes of general body growth in chickens4.3.2.IGF system genes expression in the breast muscle of chickens4.3.3.Effect of diet on strain differences in body growth and IGF system genes expression4.3.4.Correlation between BMW and IGF system genes expression in chickens4.3.5.Linear regression analysis of BMW and IGF system genes expression in chickens4.4.Discussion4.4.1.Expression of IGF-Ⅰ,IGF-Ⅱ and IGF-IR genes in the breast muscle tissue during development4.4.2.Expression of IGFBP-2,IGFBP-5,IGFBP-7 and IGFBP-3 genes in the breast muscle tissue during development4.5.ConclusionsReferencesChapter 5 Role of the insulin-like growth factor system in epiphyseal cartilage on the development of Langshan and Arbor Acres chickens Gallus domesticus5.1.Introduction5.2.Materials and methods5.2.1.Animals and tissues sampling5.2.2.RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis5.2.3.Establishment of standards of chicken genes for real-time Q-PCR5.2.4.Real-time Q-PCR assay5.2.5.Real-time Q-PCR data calculation5.2.6.Statistical analysis5.3.Results5.3.1.Developmental changes of general body growth in chickens5.3.2.Expression of IGF system genes in the epiphyseal cartilage of chickens5.3.3.Effect of diet on strain differences in body growth and IGF system genes expression5.3.4.Correlation between BW,TW and IGF system genes expression5.3.5.Linear regression analysis of TW and IGF system genes expression5.4.Discussion5.4.1.Expression of IGF-Ⅰ,IGF-Ⅱ,and IGF-IR genes in the epiphyseal cartilage tissue during development5.4.2.Expression of IGFBP-2,IGFBP-5,IGFBP-7,and IGFBP-3 genes in the epiphyseal cartilage tissue during development5.5.ConclusionsReferencesPart Ⅲ Final conclusionsPart Ⅳ InnovationAcknowledgmentsPublications
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标签:共表达论文; 营养论文; 品种差异论文; 分子育种论文;