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英汉致使移动构式对比研究

2020-12-26阅读(942)

英汉致使移动构式对比研究

论文摘要

致使移动不仅是一个重要的语义概念,也是人们生活中的基本经验。它的形成既丰富了语言的表达形式,又强化了语言的表达效果。以往对致使移动的研究深入剖析了该结构的句法和语义等特征,但仍留有一定的研究空间。本文拟在已有研究的基础上,以构式语法理论为指导,对比分析英汉致使移动构式的异同以及差异原因。致使移动构式的基本语义内涵为:致使者( CAUSER)作用于被使者(CAUSEE),通过致使力的传递(致使力不一定蕴涵在致使动词中),导致被使者发生位移变化,此位移变化遵循致使力指定的路径。致使移动构式具有两个事件结构,二者之间为因果关系,且被使事件发生的变化限定为移动。认知语言学认为,句法形式形成过程遵循以下途径,事件结构——概念结构——语义结构——句法结构,致使移动构式的形成也不例外。致使移动事件结构体现为我们生活中出现的一种场景,即存在一个致使者,该致使者引发致使力的传递,致使力作用于被使者,导致被使者发生一定位移变化。人们感知到该事件结构,在头脑中形成致使移动概念结构。表达的需要促使概念结构进一步转化为致使移动语义结构,中心语义表现为“致使力直接致使被使者移动”,扩展语义包括“蕴涵致使”、“使能够致使”、“阻止致使”以及“帮助致使”。文章尝试从语义限制的角度,对比分析英汉致使移动构式的主要组成成分,包括致使者,被使者,致使力以及致使结果。由于人类的共同认知,英汉致使移动构式在以上三个方面大体相同,二者不同之处主要体现在句法形式。英语致使移动构式的形式较为单一,为“[SUBJ [V OBJ OBLPP]]”;而汉语致使移动构式的形式则稍显复杂,其中把字句较为典型,表现为“[SUBJ [OBJBaNP V OBLDP ]]”,另一种主要表达形式与英语类似,即“[SUBJ [V OBJ OBLDP]]”。汉语根据不同的语义要求,选择合适的表达形式。此外,英汉致使移动构式在认知决定以及路径信息的表达上也存在较大差异,本文拟在构式理论指导下,尝试分析二者之间的差异内因。由此,本文认为作为人类基本活动经验的致使移动构式,同时存在于英汉两种语言之中。鉴于人类的认知特点类似,所以英汉致使移动构式在事件结构,概念结构以及语义结构上并无差异。但是由于人类生存环境的限制和历史发展的不同,语言系统的形成存在较大差异,因此英汉致使移动构式在形式上存在不同之处。本文旨在全面解读英汉致使移动构式的语义和句法特征,并深入分析二者之间的共性以及差异。

论文目录

  • 摘要
  • Abstract
  • 1 Introduction
  • 1.1 The Rationale
  • 1.1.1 The Reason for the Study
  • 1.1.2 The Reason for Using Construction Grammar
  • 1.1.3 The Value of Contrastive Study
  • 1.2 The Objectives of the Thesis
  • 1.3 Organization of the Thesis
  • 2 Literature Review
  • 2.1 The Researches Abroad
  • 2.1.1 Researches of Generative Grammar
  • 2.1.2 Researches of Generative Semantics
  • 2.1.3 Researches of Cognitive Linguistics
  • 2.2 The Researches at Home
  • 2.2.1 Researches of Structural Analysis
  • 2.2.2 Researches of Semantic Analysis
  • 2.2.3 Researches of Cognitive Analysis
  • 2.2.4 Researches of Contrastive Analysis
  • 2.3 Summary
  • 3 Introduction of Construction Grammar
  • 3.1 The Emergence of Construction Grammar
  • 3.2 The Concept of Construction
  • 3.3 The Central Part of Construction Grammar
  • 3.3.1 The Main Theories of Construction Grammar
  • 3.3.2 The Advantages of Construction Grammar
  • 3.4 The Introduction of Caused-motion Construction
  • 3.4.1 The Definition of Caused-motion Construction
  • 3.4.2 The Existence of Caused-motion Construction
  • 3.5 Summary
  • 4 The Semantic Analysis of Caused-motion Construction
  • 4.1 The Formation of Caused-motion Construction in Cognitive Linguistics
  • 4.2 The Event Structure of Caused-motion Construction
  • 4.3 The Conceptual Structure of Caused-motion Construction
  • 4.4 The Semantic Structure of Caused-motion Construction
  • 4.4.1 The Central Meaning of the Caused-motion Construction
  • 4.4.2 The Expanded Meaning of Caused-motion Construction
  • 4.4.3 Analysis of the Semantic Elements
  • 4.5 Summary
  • 5 The Syntactic Analysis of Caused-motion Construction
  • 5.1 The Syntactic Analysis of English Caused-motion Construction
  • 5.2 The Syntactic Analysis of Chinese Caused-motion Construction
  • 5.2.1 The Meaning of Ba-sentence
  • 5.2.2 The Part of Speech of “ba （把）”
  • 5.2.3 The Types of Chinese Caused-motion Constructions
  • 5.3 The Correspondence Between Semantic Structure and Syntactic Structure
  • 5.4 Summary
  • 6 Conclusion
  • 6.1 Summary of the Thesis
  • 6.2 Remaining Questions for Further Study
  • References
  • Academic Achievements
  • Acknowledgements

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    英汉致使移动构式对比研究
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