汉英水词群的范畴化研究

论文摘要

水与我们的生活息息相关,语言中与水相关的概念数量庞大,却相互关联。水词群是与水相关的词汇的集合,水词群中各成员的语义范畴不是孤立存在的,而是相互联系的,有认知共性的。本文试图从认知语言学视角入手,通过汉英语中水词群的范畴化过程的深入研究,以近两年《纽约时报》、《人民日报》网络版资源和相关词典为语料支持,运用西方的范畴化理论与中国传统的训诂学研究成果,分析汉英水词群中核心概念“水”及与水相关的物质范畴(以“酒”、“海”为代表)、行为范畴(以“沐”、“浴”为代表)和属性范畴(以拟水声的象声词为代表),从而揭示中西方水词群范畴化过程的异同。研究发现,汉英两种语言在表达相同或相似的概念时,既有普遍性又有特殊性。认知的普遍性源于我们相同的体验:水具有流动性,因此在时间域、交通域、思想域有着相似的映射;水是力量之源,因此在力量域有着相似的映射。而中西方不同的文化背景又创造出截然不同的水文化:“水”范畴里体现着中国文化特有的比德喻道;“海”范畴中可以看到海洋文化与陆地文化的差异,“沐”、“浴”范畴中享乐文化与礼仪文化差异明显。水在中西方文化中的认知地位举足轻重,是中西方哲学本原的重要概念。据此,本文试探性地提出了水词群的认知模型,并考虑到文化模型对认知模型的影响,对水词群的范畴化过程进行总结。认知模型中,“水”范畴是模型的核心概念,一方面“水”范畴本身可以通过概念隐喻和转喻的方式进行延伸,另一方面“水”范畴可以作为上位范畴,拓展出不同类型的下位范畴。本文的水词群的范畴化对比研究,旨在分析中西方水范畴的认知过程,以揭示语言、认知、文化之间的内在联系,并希望为语言词汇教学、跨文化研究和对比语言学提供一些观点与思路。

论文目录

摘要

Abstract

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Origin and Definition of the Topic

1.2 Significance and Data Source

1.3 Organization of the Thesis

Chapter 2 Theoretical Basis and Literature Review

2.1 The Study of Categorization Abroad

2.1.1 Definition of Categorization

2.1.2 Categorization and Language

2.1.3 Development of Categorization Theory

2.1.4 Prototype Theory

2.2 The Study on the Semantic Field of Water in China

2.2.1 Chinese Exegetic Study

2.2.2 Cognitive Study in China

2.3 Limitations of Previous Study

Chapter 3 Categorization of WATER in Chinese and English

3.1 The Prototypical Meaning of WATER

3.2 Metonymic Extension of WATER

3.2.1 WATER STANDS FOR WATERS: PART FOR WHOLE

3.2.2 WATER STANDS FOR LIQUID: SPECIFIC FOR GENERAL

3.3 Metaphorical Extension of WATER

3.3.1 Conventional Metaphors of WATER

3.3.1.1 WATER in TIME Model: Past vs. Future

3.3.1.2 WATER in THOUGHT Model: Heart vs. Brain

3.3.1.3 WATER in TRAFFIC Model

3.3.1.4 WATER in POWER/TROUBLE Model: Human-centered vs.God-centered

3.3.1.5 Water in HUMAN NATURE model: Chinese Moral

3.3.2 Novel Metaphors of WATER

Chapter 4 Categorization of Water-related Concepts in Chinese and

4.1 Categorization of Objects: SEA and ALCOHOL

4.1.1 Metaphorical Extension of SEA

4.1.2 Cultural differences: Continental vs. Oceanic

4.1.3 Metaphorical Extension of ALCOHOL

4.1.4 Cultural Differences: 白酒vs. Wine

4.2 Categorization of Actions: WASH and BATH

4.2.1 Metaphorical Extension of WASH

4.2.2 Metaphorical Extension of BATH

4.2.3 Cultural Differences: Hedonism vs. Rite Culture

4.3 Categorization of Properties: Sound of Water

4.3.1 Echoic Words of Water in English and Chinese

4.3.2 Way of Echoing Sound: Alphabetic vs. Reduplicated

CHAPTER 5 Conclusions

5.1 Cognitive Status of WATER in Chinese and Western Culture

5.2 Major Findings: Cognitive Model of WATER

5.3 Limitations and Suggestions for Further Studies

References

Acknowledgements

汉英水词群的范畴化研究

论文摘要

论文目录

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