论文摘要
访谈节目中的对话语篇不同于一般的对话形式,它既有日常谈话的随意性,又有采访谈话的目的性,这种特殊的对话形式在主持人和嘉宾之间建立了一种特殊的人际关系。但是对于访谈节目中人际意义的研究,特别是以汉语访谈语篇作为研究对象的却很少见到。本文以韩礼德的人际意义理论为理论框架,从具有影响力的央视访谈节目《对话》和《实话实说》中随机选择了20篇完整的访谈语篇作为研究对象,分别调查了实现人际意义的语气、情态和情态评价三个方面的内容,揭示了访谈语篇如何通过词汇语法手段来实现人际意义。韩礼德的人际意义理论不仅考虑到实现人际意义的语法手段和还考虑了词汇手段,它以词汇语法的连续统作为研究的基本轮廓。语气是一种语法手段,情态评价是一种词汇手段,而情态既包含了语法的因素又包含了词汇的因素,是语法手段向词汇手段的过渡。在研究方法上,本文以定性研究并结合定量研究调查了所选的20篇访谈语篇中实现人际意义的语法和词汇手段。本研究表明,主持人在和嘉宾交流时有技巧的运用词汇语法手段以建立彼此之间的人际关系,通过运用语气手段建立主持人和嘉宾的互动关系,而嘉宾在语气选择上主要以陈述语气为主,而主持人在语气选择上平均的使用陈述语气和疑问语气,通过疑问语气来获取信息,通过陈述语气引出话题,而不是以疑问语气为主的访谈模式,通过这种方式与嘉宾交流可使嘉宾感觉谈话气氛融洽很亲切。情态介于语法手段和词汇手段之间,在建立主持人和嘉宾的人际关系时主要遵从礼貌策略,即主要以低情态值认知情态为主,如果运用高情态值认知情态词,所传达的语义信息大都有利于对方或为了幽默的效果;在道义情态词的运用中主持人以中低情态值情态词为主,嘉宾较多的运用了高情态值的道义情态词,这是因为主持人是信息索取者,他在引出话题时倾向于一股的情况,嘉宾谈论的是自己的想法和做法,运用高情态值的道义情态词可以表达自信的意味。情态评价是实现人际意义的词汇手段,本文主要讨论了情态评价中的评论附加语,分别从命题类和言语功能类两个方面进行考察,在意义选择上主要以情态意义为依据,从统计结果来看,猜测类的词多于断言娄,在断言类词的使用上嘉宾多于主持人,说明主持人在通过猜测引出话题,这样可以建立主持人和嘉宾之间的融洽关系。通过本文的调查,我们可以看出访谈语篇中人际意义的实现方式是多种多样的,而且也表明人际意义理论是可以用于访谈语篇研究的。
论文目录
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