所说内容：“语义或语用”

论文摘要

Grice在提出会话含义理论时,认为话语意义分两个层面“所说内容”(what is said)和“隐含之义”(implicature)。一般来说,“所说内容”是属于语义学,而“隐含之义”是属于语用学。然而,最近几年一些语言学家和哲学家认为Grice忽略一个事实,用于推导会话含义的推理过程也同样决定着“所说内容”。越来越多的学者广泛认为,Grice 对“所说内容”的理解过于局限,因为语用对于确定“所说内容”也同样起到了极其重大的作用。Carston, Recanati, and Sperber and Wilson等一些语言学者认为,“所说内容”不仅包括“确定指称对象”(referent assignment)和“消除歧异”(disambiguation )语用方面的内容,还应该包括一些其它可用语用理论进行解释的内容。按照他们的看法,许多曾被Grice认为是“隐含之义”,如果能够被看作为语用决定的“所说内容”,那么会有个更好的解释。文中引用实验来说明语用在人们确定“所说内容”中起到至关重要的作用。

论文目录

• Introduction
• Chapter 1. A survey on what is said
• 1.1 Different views about what is said
• 1.1.1 Grice’s original distinction about what is said
• 1.1.2 Sperbe and Wilson ---Saying what is not said
• 1.1.3 Bach’s impliciture
• 1.1.4 Recanati’s view about what is said
• 1.2 Discussion of different views
• 1.2.1 Standard recent views on the semantics
• 1.2.2 Criteria and intuitions
• 1.2.3 How Many Pragmatic Systems?
• Chapter 2. What is said : semantic or pragmatic
• 2.1 Three levels of meaning
• 2.2 Minimalism
• 2.3 Maximalism
• 2.4 The syncretic view
• 2.4.1 The Four-Level Picture
• 2.4.2 Trouble With the Syncretic View
• 2.5 The availability-based approach to what is said
• 2.6 Availability vs. Minimalism
• 2.7 What is said as a pragmatic notion
• Chapter 3 Explanation of what is said
• 3.1 Explanation from theoretical perspective
• 3.1.1 Semantics and pragmatics: the standard picture
• 3.1.2 Semantic underdeterminacy
• 3.2 Explanation from experimental perspective
• 3.2.1 Experiments and results
• 3.2.2 General discussion
• 3.2.3 Concluding
• Conclusion
• BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Abstract in Chinese
• Abstract in English
• Acknowledgement
• 导师及作者简介