小说交际语用研究

论文摘要

没有对文学进行解释的交际研究和没有对文学交际进行解释的文学研究都是不全面的研究(Sell, 1991a: xiv)。语用学的根本目的是解释包括文学交际在内的言语交际。公元前五世纪,希腊人首先开始思索文学创作和阅读的目的,从而开创了文学研究时代。从古至今,文学研究可分为三大类:文学批评、文学语言学研究和文学语用学研究。这些研究成果说明进行文学交际语用研究的合理性、可能性和可行性。然而,迄今为止,似乎还没有研究能全面解释文学交际的过程,尤其是小说交际的过程。本论文试图对小说交际进行语用研究,构建小说交际语用框架,解释小说交际的过程。本论文首先全面系统地回顾了文学批评、文学语言学研究和文学语用学研究,说明进行文学交际语用研究的合理性、可能性和可行性,同时指出构建小说交际语用框架,解释小说交际过程的必要性。然后,本论文解释说明“交际”的含义,回顾总结并讨论了语用学有关交际参与者、交际中的意义、交际语境和交际中的语用策略等方面所进行的研究。最后,本论文依据语用学交际理论,系统研究了小说交际的参与者、小说交际的途径、小说交际的语境、小说交际中的语用策略和小说交际中的意义构建方式和过程。小说交际的参与者不仅包括作者和读者,而且包括叙述者和人物。作者和读者之间的小说交际在宏观上以人物之间的交际和叙述者与读者之间的交际为途径,在微观上以人物话语、叙述话语、小说故事中的事件、小说故事的结构和小说故事所塑造的人物或描述的现象为途径。交际途径的多样性决定小说交际语境的特殊性。小说交际在作者创作小说的语境、读者阅读小说的语境、人物使用语言的语境和叙述者讲述故事的语境等四种语境中进行。为了成功进行小说交际,作者和读者需要有与这四种语境相关的语境知识。作者和读者的语境知识包括语言知识、上下文知识、互文性知识、情景知识、背景知识和共有知识。既然小说交际是通过多种途径在多种语境中进行,作者就有必要在小说交际中使用语用策略表达特定的会话含义或创造和维持与读者的良好关系。作者采用的语用策略包括“故意违反合作原则的准则”、“语用模糊”、“话语角色转换”和“礼貌策略”等。

论文目录

• 声明
• 学位论文使用授权声明
• Acknowledgements
• Abstract
• 内容提要
• Abbreviations
• List of Figures
• Table of Contents
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• 1.1 Lead-in remarks
• 1.2 Rationale of the study
• 1.2.1 Rationality, possibility and feasibility of the study
• 1.2.2 Necessity of the study
• 1.3 Objectives, methods and data of the study
• 1.4 Layout of the dissertation
• Chapter 2 Various Studies of Literature
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Literary studies of literature
• 2.2.1 Studies focusing on the nature and function of literature
• 2.2.2 Studies focusing on the author
• 2.2.3 Studies focusing on the reader
• 2.2.4 Studies focusing on the text（s）
• 2.2.5 Studies focusing on the context
• 2.3 Linguistic studies of literature
• 2.3.1 Stylistic studies
• 2.3.2 Narratological studies
• 2.3.3 Communicative studies
• 2.4 Pragmatic studies of literature
• 2.4.1 Empirical studies
• 2.4.2 Theoretical studies
• 2.4.2.1 On the applicability of pragmatic theories to the study of 1iterature
• 2.4.2.2 On the objective and methodology of the pragmatic study of 1iterature
• 2.4.2.3 On the process of literary communication
• 2.5 Justification for the pragmatic study of fictional communication
• 2.5.1 Rationality to study literary communication from the pragmatic perspective
• 2.5.2 Possibility to study literary communication from the pragmatic perspective
• 2.5.3 Feasibility to study literary communication from the pragmatic perspective
• 2.5.4 Necessity to build a pragmatic framework of literary communication
• 2.5.5 Necessity to build a pragmatic framework of fictional communication
• 2.6 Conclusion
• Chapter 3 Pragmatic Studies of Communication
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 Definition of communication
• 3.3 Participants of communication
• 3.4 Meaning in communication
• 3.5 Context of communication
• 3.5.1 Definition of context
• 3.5.2 Dimensions of context
• 3.6 Pragmatic strategies of communication
• 3.6.1 Definition of pragmatic strategy
• 3.6.2 Categorization of pragmatic strategies
• 3.6.2.1 Transactional pragmatic strategies
• 3.6.2.2 Interactional pragmatic strategies
• 3.6.3 Recognition of pragmatic strategies
• 3.7 Conclusion
• Chapter 4 Fictional Communication
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Definition of fictional communication
• 4.3 Participants of fictional communication
• 4.3.1 The author
• 4.3.2 The narrator
• 4.3.3 The characters
• 4.3.4 The reader
• 4.4 Means of fictional communication
• 4.4.1 Means of the communication between the characters
• 4.4.2 Means of the communication between the narrator and the reader
• 4.4.2.1 Character language
• 4.4.2.2 Narrative language
• 4.4.3 Means of the communication between the author and the reader
• 4.4.3.1 Character language
• 4.4.3.2 Narrative language
• 4.4.3.3 The facts of the fictional story
• 4.4.3.4 The structure of the fictional story
• 4.4.3.5 The revelation of the fictional story
• 4.5 Conclusion
• Chapter 5 Contexts of Fictional Communication
• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 Contexts where fictional communication takes place
• 5.3 Contextual knowledge necessary for successful fictional communication
• 5.3.1 Linguistic knowledge
• 5.3.2 Co-textual knowledge
• 5.3.3 Intertextual knowledge
• 5.3.4 Situational knowledge
• 5.3.5 Background knowledge
• 5.3.6 Mutual knowledge
• 5.4 Conclusion
• Chapter 6 Pragmatic Strategies of Fictional Communication
• 6.1 Introduction
• 6.2 Necessity to use pragmatic strategies in fictional communication
• 6.3 Operation of CP and its maxims in fictional communication
• 6.4 Pragmatic strategies used in fictional communication
• 6.4.1 Transactional pragmatic strategies
• 6.4.1.1 Flouting of the maxims of CP
• 6.4.1.2 Pragmatic ambivalence
• 6.4.1.3 Discourse role switching
• 6.4.1.4 Politeness strategies
• 6.4.2 Interactional pragmatic strategies
• 6.4.2.1 Flouting of the maxims of CP
• 6.4.2.2 Pragmatic ambivalence
• 6.4.2.3 Discourse role switching
• 6.4.2.4 Politeness strategies
• 6.5 Conclusion
• Chapter 7 Construction and Reconstruction of Meanings in Fictional Communication
• 7.1 Introduction
• 7.2 Meanings in fictional communication
• 7.3 The author’s construction of meanings
• 7.3.1 Construction of CMCCL
• 7.3.2 Construction of NMCCL and NMCNL
• 7.3.3 Construction of AMCCL and AMCNL
• 7.3.4 Construction of AMCFFS
• 7.3.5 Construction of AMCSFS
• 7.3.6 Construction of AMCRFS
• 7.4 The reader’s reconstruction of the author’s meanings
• 7.4.1 Attainment of contextual knowledge
• 7.4.1.1 Attainment of linguistic knowledge and intertextual knowledge
• 7.4.1.2 Attainment of co-textual knowledge and situational knowledge
• 7.4.1.3 Attainment of background knowledge
• 7.4.1.4 Attainment of mutual knowledge
• 7.4.2 Recognition of the author’s intention
• 7.4.2.1 Recognition of the author’s intention in constructing CMCCL
• 7.4.2.2 Recognition of the author’s intention in constructing NMCCL and NMCNL
• 7.4.2.3 Recognition of the author’s intention in constructing AMCCL and AMCNL
• 7.4.2.4 Recognition of the author’s intention in constructing AMCFFS
• 7.4.2.5 Recognition of the author’s intention in constructing AMCSFS
• 7.4.2.6 Recognition of the author’s intention in constructing AMCRFS
• 7.5 Conclusion
• Chapter 8 Conclusion
• 8.1 Introduction
• 8.2 Findings of the study
• 8.3 Significance of the findings
• 8.3.1 Significance to literary studies of literature
• 8.3.2 Significance to linguistic studies of literature
• 8.3.3 Significance to pragmatic studies of literature
• 8.4 Limitations of the study
• Bibliography